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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2020‒12‒07
sixty-five papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Insaf Guedidi (Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales de Tunis (ESSECT)); Leila Baghdadi (Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales de Tunis (ESSECT)) |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the relationship between carbon emissions, environmental provisions in Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) and Global Value Chains (GVCs) using a panel data gravity model for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 1990- 2015. We find that RTAs have a positive effect on carbon emissions. However, good institutional quality in MENA region decreases carbon footprint. Participation of MENA countries in GVCs rises environmental degradation in upstream Low-Tech Manufacturing (LTM) sectors and downstream High-Tech Manufacturing (HTM) and Primary sectors. Moreover, we examine the interaction effects between RTAs with environmental laws and participation of MENA countries in GVCs. Results confirm that participating in upstream activities in GVCs and signing more RTAs with environmental laws reduce pollution in LTM sectors. Furthermore, our study proves that RTAs (with or without environmental laws) could reduce carbon emissions in MENA region participating in backward GVCs. Backward participation is related to trade in LTM and primary sectors. Therefore, there is a need to understand the GVC landscape in MENA region to be able to set suitable RTAs with environmental provisions in order to reduce pollution and contribute to sustainable upgrading in GVCs. |
| Date: | 2020–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1428&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment - Carbon Policy and Trading Environment - Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment - Environmental Economics & Policies Environment - Environmental Protection Environment - Forests and Forestry |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34499&r=all |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Tran, Bao Quang; Nong, Duy; Nguyen, Trung H; Meyfroidt, Patrick; Tran, Trung Duc; Loomis, John; Van Pham, Dien; Leisz, Stephen Joseph; Paschke, Mark W |
| Abstract: | Vietnam’s forests have undergone major transformations since the 1990s, including a transition from net forest loss to net expansion, which is attributable to plantation forests and rehabilitated forests. Our study aimed to better understand the patterns and the causes of forest cover rehabilitation in Vietnam to expand tropical forests in other regions. We used geographic information system tools, a structural regression model and a random effects model based on official Government of Vietnam forest cover maps, and field surveys to quantify the extent of rehabilitated forests and its drivers at the local, commune, scale, in Dien Bien province, Vietnam. Results showed that around 118,000 hectares of forests were rehabilitated between 1990 and 2010. Rehabilitated forests comprised the largest share (above 84%) of total forest gain and this share increased from 1990-2000 to 2000-2010. Rehabilitated forests were associated with biophysical and accessibility conditions (elevation and road density). Expansion of rehabilitated forests was mainly driven by the presence of migration, lower population density, higher income, and the implementation of forestry policies. The empirical results offer policy implications for forest restoration practices as part of forest-based climate change mitigation programs as well as for environmental management, sustainable mountainous rural livelihood development in Vietnam and beyond. |
| Date: | 2020–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:79k8n&r=all |
| By: | Ajayi, V.; Reiner, D. |
| Abstract: | Plastics is one of the hardest sectors to decarbonise but there are concerns over the willingness of consumers to pay higher prices to shift away from reliance on unabated fossil energy. Moreover, widespread concerns over single-use plastics have redoubled efforts to reformulate plastics used in consumer products, so we analyze heterogeneity in consumer preferences and willingness to pay for environmentally friendly attributes of plastic bottles. Our study employs stated preference data from a discrete choice experiment conducted using a representative sample of 3085 British consumers. We estimate different mixed logit models in preference and willingness to pay space and also examine the preference heterogeneity to infer consumers’ sensitivity to price. We find that British consumers are willing to pay a £1.10 premium for a £1 plastic bottle if 100% of the CO2 were to be captured during the production process. To a lesser extent, we also find differential willingness to pay depends on other characteristics such as the national origins of the materials and the type of certification employed. Preferences are driven by specific characteristics, such as involvement in environmental organisations or knowledge of bioplastics, both of which are associated with higher willingness to pay for green plastics. |
| Keywords: | Bio-based plastics, mixed logit, preferences heterogeneity, discrete choice experiment, willingness to pay, industrial decarbonisation, carbon capture |
| JEL: | D12 C25 Q51 |
| Date: | 2020–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:20110&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Forestry Management Environment - Climate Change and Environment Environment - Environmental Disasters & Degradation Environment - Forests and Forestry Environment - Sustainable Land Management |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34437&r=all |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program |
| Keywords: | Energy - Energy Conservation & Efficiency Energy - Energy and Environment Energy - Renewable Energy Environment - Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment - Climate Change and Environment |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34398&r=all |
| By: | Perino, G.; Ritz, R.; van Benthem, A. |
| Abstract: | Major carbon-pricing systems in Europe and North America involve multiple jurisdictions (countries or states). Individual jurisdictions often pursue additional Initiatives – such as unilateral carbon price oors, legislation to phase out coal, aviation taxes or support programs for renewable energy – that overlap with the wider carbon-pricing system. We develop a general framework to study how the climate benefit of such overlapping policies depends on their design, location and timing. Some policies leverage additional climate benefits elsewhere in the system while others backfire by raising aggregate emissions. Our model encompasses almost every type of carbon-pricing system used in practice. |
| Keywords: | Overlapping policy, internal carbon leakage, waterbed effect, cap-and-trade, carbon pricing, hybrid regulation |
| JEL: | H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:20111&r=all |
| By: | Maurice Rawlins; Stefano Pagiola; Kashif Shaad; Mahbubul Alam; Rosimeiry Portela; Srabani Roy; Derek Vollmer; Werner Kornexl |
| Keywords: | Environment - Carbon Policy and Trading Environment - Environmental Protection Environment - Forests and Forestry Environment - Natural Resources Management Environment - Tourism and Ecotourism Water Resources - Hydrology Water Resources - River Basin Management |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34323&r=all |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Ho, Tung Manh; Nguyen, Hong-Kong T.; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Ho, Manh-Toan (Thanh Tay University Hanoi); Vuong, Thu-Trang; La, Viet-Phuong; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | Climate change gives rise to a growing threat of extinction to humankind, yet the current approach and solutions appear insufficient in addressing it effectively. This paper presents a critical review of the climate crisis and current approaches, highlighting how misguided would it be to exclude enterprises—the primary drivers of the climate problems—from top-down policy-making. In assessing the different core cultural values of environment-damaging and environment-protecting enterprises, the authors suggest embracing a new paradigm of environmentally-friendly cultural values. The new paradigm, which calls for a process of identifying, transforming, and synthesizing a set of core cultural values, serves as the cornerstone of the whole system and aims to shift the core cultural value from “exploitation” to “construction.” As environmentally-friendly cultural values can shape human progress away from capitalism/monetarism and toward environmentalism, it could be added to Harrison and Huntington’s (2001) list of human cultures as the 11th value. The paradigm comprises two mutually interacting attributes: (i) money cannot trade for environmental deficits, and (ii) environmental embellishment value needs to become a new “measure of profit,” priced at least on par with monetary value. The insights carry serious implications for policy-makers in engaging enterprises in the fight for a more habitable and sustainable planet. |
| Date: | 2020–11–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3g26q&r=all |
| By: | Dominioni, Goran |
| Abstract: | Scholarly and policy interest in carbon pricing coalitions is growing. Existing research analyzes design features that can increase the environmental effectiveness and political resilience of coalitions centered around carbon taxes and carbon markets (i.e. explicit carbon pricing). This article is the first that analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of building carbon pricing coalitions around effective carbon pricing compared to the standard design that focuses on explicit carbon pricing. In this article, measures of effective carbon prices include carbon prices implemented via carbon taxes, carbon markets, fuel taxes, and fossil fuel subsidies reforms. The article describes four design options to build carbon pricing coalitions - three built on measures of effective carbon pricing and one that focuses exclusively on explicit carbon pricing - and benchmarks them against six criteria. The key results are that building carbon pricing coalitions around effective carbon prices has various advantages over the most common alternative discussed in the literature. These advantages include higher transparency, broader participation, higher legitimacy of the coalition, and more substantial involvement of Finance Ministries in climate change mitigation. These advantages might translate in comparable or even higher environmental effectiveness than coalitions that focuses exclusively on explicit carbon pricing. |
| Date: | 2020–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:lawarx:3gntu&r=all |
| By: | Ryan Hill; Chris Moore; Jessie Doyle; Scott G. Leibowitz; Paul Ringold; Brenda Rashleigh |
| Abstract: | The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a water quality index (WQI) to estimate the benefits of proposed regulations. However, the existing WQI focuses mainly on metrics related to human use values, such as recreation, and fails to capture aspects important to nonuse values of aquatic ecosystems, such as existence values. Here, we identify an appropriate index of biological health for use in stated preference (SP) surveys that seek to quantify the nonuse value of streams and lakes anywhere within the conterminous US (CONUS). We used a literature review and focus groups to evaluate two aquatic indices that are regularly reported by the EPA’s National Aquatic Resources Surveys: (1) multimetric indices (MMIs) and (2) the observed-to-expected ratio of taxonomic composition (O/E). Focus group participants had difficulty interpreting the meaning of a hypothetical 5-point change in MMI values on a 100-point scale in response to changes in water or habitat quality. This difficulty arose because a 5-point change can occur due to many unique combinations of the individual metrics that compose an MMI. In contrast, participants found it easier to interpret loss in native taxa (O/E) as an index of biological condition. We chose the O/E index because of this superior interpretability when assessed against MMIs. In addition to index selection, we modeled and interpolated the values of O/E to 1.1 million stream segments and 297,071 lakes across the CONUS to provide data for SP studies at any scope or scale, from local watersheds to the entire lower 48 states. As part of this effort, we also modeled and interpolated the areas of streams (m2) to place them in the same unit as lakes to describe the quantity of resources affected by policy scenarios. Focus groups found comparisons of management scenarios easier to interpret when aquatic resources were placed into the same units and especially when presented as percentages of area. Finally, we discuss future work to link O/E with water quality and habitat models that will allow us to forecast changes in the metric resulting from regulatory action. |
| Keywords: | Existence value, ecosystem health, stated preference, random forest modeling |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nev:wpaper:wp202004&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | We have found the existence of cultural studies within the boundary of air pollution research. Still, its portion, which is even smaller than the proportion of cultural studies within climate change and biodiversity research, is negligible. The current finding is in line with other previous results, supporting the presumption on the minor role of cultural studies in solving environmental issues. |
| Date: | 2020–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jbcx3&r=all |
| By: | Xu, Q.; Hobbs, B. |
| Abstract: | A local jurisdiction that regulates power plant emissions, but participates in a larger regional power market faces the issue of emissions leakage, in which local emissions decrease, but emissions associated with the imported power increase. Border carbon adjustment (BCA) schemes can be imposed on imports in an attempt to lessen leakage. This paper explores the potential cost and emission impacts of alternative BCA policies that could be implemented in the California AB32 carbon pricing system. We focus on cost and emission impacts on the power sector in California and the rest of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) region, the latter of which provides approximately 23.5% of California’s electricity requirements. With both a simple schematic model and a detailed WECC generation-transmission expansion planning model for the year 2034 called JHSMINE, we examine the following deemed emission rate schemes for estimating and charging for emissions associated with electricity imports: no BCA, facility (import source)-specific deemed rate, a facility-neutral and constant deemed rate, and a facility-neutral and dynamic deemed rate. Our results suggest that, compared with cases with either no BCA or a BCA using facility-based deemed emission rates, facility-neutral schemes can provide efficiency gains by simultaneously lowering WECC-wide emissions and costs without raising payments by California consumers. Emissions leakage declines greatly. The precise value of the deemed rate affects these gains. One particular facility-neutral dynamic scheme in which rates are set by marginal emission rates external to California provides the greatest gain in economic efficiency. Our results also show the impact of carbon pricing and BCAs on transmission investment economics: California’s unilateral AB32 carbon pricing encourages more interstate transmission expansion because power imports are more profitable; however, BCAs that are cost-effective in lowering total regional emissions will dampen those incentives. |
| Keywords: | Carbon policy, Border carbon adjustment, Electricity markets, Expansion planning, Market efficiency |
| JEL: | H23 L94 Q48 |
| Date: | 2020–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:20109&r=all |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | Video discussion of the economic impact of weather and climate |
| Keywords: | climate change, weather shocks, impact, stochastic frontier analysis, video |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susvid:2093&r=all |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | Video discussion of the economic impact of weather and climate |
| Keywords: | climate change, weather shocks, impact, stochastic frontier analysis, video |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susvid:2094&r=all |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Phu, Tri Vu; Vuong, Quan-Hoang; Le, Tuyet-Anh T. |
| Abstract: | Science-based desirable solutions for mitigating and or reducing environmental pollution are of important priorities for many developed and developing countries. This article is conducted to better understand how well the inner-city citizens and foreigners perceive air pollution, how well they respond to it, and how much they willingly contribute to improving air quality in Vietnam, a lower-middle-income nation in Southeast Asia. During late 2019, a stratified random sampling technique and a contingent valuation method (CVM) were employed to survey 199 inhabitants and 75 foreigners who reside and travel within the inner-city of Hanoi, respectively. The data comprises four major groups of information, including (1) perception of air pollution and its impacts, (2) preventive measures used to mitigate polluted air, (3) commitments on willingness-to-pay (WTP) for reducing air pollution alongside reasons for the yes-or-no-WTP decision, and (4) demographic information of interviewees. The data could offer many attributes and policy implications for better economics and environmental management in the study area and or in similar places around the world. |
| Date: | 2020–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fsgrx&r=all |
| By: | Shteryo Nozharov; Nina Nikolova |
| Abstract: | The main purpose of the current publication is to formulate a scenario model for analysis of the opportunities for low-carbon economy establishment in the countries with transition economies.The model studies risk factors such as shadow economy level and populism based on the implementation and development of Balkan countries economic policy and at the same time shows future climate changes tendencies and uncertainties of climate models.A transdisciplinary approach is implemented in the study. Climate change perception and understanding about low-carbon economy are examined through the public opinion and analysis of mass-media publications.The results of the research are important in order to clarify the multicultural divergences as a factor for risk and uncertainty in the implementation process of the policy for climate change.In this way geographical aspects of risk and uncertainty, which are not only related to the economic development of the relevant countries, could be brought out. |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2011.06592&r=all |
| By: | Stein, Wiebke; Weisser, Reinhard A. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how witnessing adverse weather events affects individuals' perceptions and consequently their personal well-being. To identify potential exposure to a weather shock, we link satellite-based data on flooding to an extensive household panel survey from rural Southeast Asia. We find that mere proximity to a potentially adverse shock, even without reporting any actual experience of the shock, can be sufficient to reduce individual well-being levels. This effect is not only restricted to the present but can also impinge on expected future well-being dynamics. Such a persistent distortionary effect from witnessing a weather shock may also have politico-economic repercussions by, for instance, altering support for redistributive policies. |
| Keywords: | Environmental shocks; Perception; Subjective well-being; GIS data; MODIS flood mapping |
| JEL: | I31 Q51 R23 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-678&r=all |
| By: | Elsasser, Peter; Altenbrunn, Kerstin; Köthke, Margret; Lorenz, Martin; Meyerhoff, Jürgen |
| Abstract: | The study aims at determining the economic benefits of fundamental forest ecosystem services (FES) in Germany from a demand perspective, at identifying their regional distribution, and at merging the respective benefit estimates into a consistent model which provides for scenario analyses of alternative forest utilisation options. Specifically, we consider the monetary benefits of raw wood production as a FES, of global climate protection (via carbon sequestration), of everyday recreation for the population, and of services for nature protection and landscape amenity, which accrue in the course of regular forest management as well as due to the establishment of separate protection areas. For this purpose, we combine available valuation data, information from official regional statistics, and an additional primary study, to identify regional specific drivers of the FES’ monetary benefits and to derive generic valuation functions for each of the services. Using a Geographical Information System, these valuation functions are then applied to the conditions in the Local Administrative Units (municipalities), resulting in Benefit Function Transfer estimates for each service and each municipality. Afterwards, results are aggregated to NUTS-3 level (counties) and mapped. Subsequently we simulate the consequences of modified regional conditions (e.g., modified forest management) for FES values and their relations, by appropriately changing the input data. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwo:307493&r=all |
| By: | Sophie Panel (IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Antoine Pietri (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Warfare has been found to have detrimental impacts on biodiversity due to its long-lasting economic and social consequences. Yet, much less is known about the amount of biodiversity loss directly resulting from the use of military technology. This paper analyzes the environmental consequences of one of the largest aerial and naval conflicts of the late 20st century, namely the 1982 Falklands War. As an indicator of the marine ecosystem status, we analyze population trends of king penguins breeding on the Falkland Islands over the period 1963-1997. Using interrupted time series analysis, we find that the war significantly slowed the growth rate of king penguins' population. To take better account of time-varying confounders, we complement this analysis using a synthetic control group based on data from other Sub-Antarctic colonies and find similar results. . |
| Keywords: | King penguins,Falklands War,Ecological warfare |
| Date: | 2020–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03009238&r=all |
| By: | Sophie Panel (IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Antoine Pietri (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Warfare has been found to have detrimental impacts on biodiversity due to its long-lasting economic and social consequences. Yet, much less is known about the amount of biodiversity loss directly resulting from the use of military technology. This paper analyzes the environmental consequences of one of the largest aerial and naval conflicts of the late 20st century, namely the 1982 Falklands War. As an indicator of the marine ecosystem status, we analyze population trends of king penguins breeding on the Falkland Islands over the period 1963-1997. Using interrupted time series analysis, we find that the war significantly slowed the growth rate of king penguins' population. To take better account of time-varying confounders, we complement this analysis using a synthetic control group based on data from other Sub-Antarctic colonies and find similar results. . |
| Keywords: | King penguins,Falklands War,Ecological warfare |
| Date: | 2020–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpceem:hal-03009238&r=all |
| By: | Samuel Fargher; Stephane Hallegatte |
| Keywords: | Energy - Energy and Environment Environment - Climate Change and Environment Environment - Environmental Economics & Policies Health, Nutrition and Population - Disease Control & Prevention Social Protections and Labor - Employment and Unemployment Social Protections and Labor - Labor Markets Urban Development - Urban Governance and Management |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34405&r=all |
| By: | Mehic, Adrian (Department of Economics, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | What are the political effects of a nuclear accident? Following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, environmentalist parties were elected to parliaments in several nations. This paper uses Chernobyl as a natural experiment creating variation in radioactive fallout exposure over Sweden. I match municipality-level data on cesium ground contamination with election results for the anti-nuclear Green Party, which was elected to parliament in 1988. After adjusting for pre-Chernobyl views on nuclear power, the results show that voters in high-fallout areas were more likely to vote for the Greens. Additionally, using the exponential decay property of radioactive isotopes, I show a persistent, long-term effect of fallout on the green vote. However, the Chernobyl-related premium in the green vote has decreased substantially since the 1980s. Detailed individual-level survey data further suggests that the results are driven by a gradually decreasing resistance to nuclear energy in fallout-affected municipalities. |
| Keywords: | Chernobyl; pollution; voting |
| JEL: | D72 P16 Q48 Q53 |
| Date: | 2020–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2020_023&r=all |
| By: | Tristan Smith (University College London) |
| Abstract: | The shipping sector will need to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions significantly over the coming decades in order to align them with the Paris Climate goals. How could this be achieved? What will it cost to bring down the sector’s emissions? Will these costs shift maritime trade flows? This paper offers answers to these questions and identifies areas for further investigation. |
| Date: | 2020–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2020/18-en&r=all |
| By: | Javier E. Baez; Varun Kshirsagar; Emmanuel Skoufias |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Climate Change and Agriculture Health, Nutrition and Population - Early Child and Children's Health Health, Nutrition and Population - Reproductive Health Water Resources - Drought Management Poverty Reduction - Poverty, Environment and Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34301&r=all |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Nong, Duy; Phu, Tri Vu |
| Abstract: | To be considered one of the most dynamic cities in the world, Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, has been facing an increasingly extreme environmental pollution. For example, in 2019, Hanoi ranked the world’s seventh most polluted capital city, which has raised serious concerns about the detrimental impacts on living environment and health of urban citizens. This study aims to examine how well urban citizens perceive, how well they take action to mitigate it, and how ready they are to contribute to reducing air pollution. A stratified sampling technique coupled with a contingent valuation and a face-to-face interview method was employed to survey 475 inhabitants who live in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The results show that over two-thirds of the inhabitants surveyed are willing to pay for air environment funds and the mean value of WTP is from approximately 122.9 to 123.5 thousand VND per household per month. WTP is associated with a set of endogenous and exogenous factors including age group, level of current air pollution, income, and awareness towards environmental protection solutions. Our results reveal that urban citizens well learn about air pollution and they have a real and strong demand for reducing air pollution, which could help design a desirable policy and or solutions for improving air quality. |
| Date: | 2020–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:pume6&r=all |
| By: | Mariano Jordan Kristof; Maria Catalina Ramirez; Leda Pereira; Sabrina Couvin |
| Keywords: | Environment - Natural Disasters Gender - Gender, Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Flood Control |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34375&r=all |
| By: | Bruno Conte; Klaus Desmet; David Krisztián Nagy; Esteban Rossi-Hansberg |
| Abstract: | This paper quantitatively assesses the world's changing economic geography and sectoral specialization due to global warming. It proposes a two-sector dynamic spatial growth model that incorporates the relation between economic activity, carbon emissions, and temperature. The model is taken to the data at the 1 degree by 1 degree resolution for the entire world. Over a 200-year horizon, rising temperatures consistent with emissions under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 push people and economic activity northwards to Siberia, Canada, and Scandinavia. Compared to a world without climate change, clusters of agricultural specialization shift from Central Africa, Brazil, and India's Ganges Valley, to Central Asia, parts of China and northern Canada. Equatorial latitudes that lose agriculture specialize more in nonagriculture but, due to their persistently low productivity, lose population. By the year 2200, predicted losses in real GDP and utility are 6% and 15%, respectively. Higher trade costs make adaptation through changes in sectoral specialization more costly, leading to less geographic concentration in agriculture and larger climate-induced migration. |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upf:upfgen:1754&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment - Climate Change and Environment Environment - Water Resources Management Water Resources - Water and Human Health Water Supply and Sanitation - Sanitation and Sewerage Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Economics Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Policy, Legislation and Regulation |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34452&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Forestry Management Environment - Forests and Forestry Environment - Natural Resources Management Environment - Sustainable Land Management |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34438&r=all |
| By: | Hasan, Syed M.; Zhang, Wendong |
| Abstract: | Using four rounds of nationwide household survey data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey from 2005 to 2014, we provide the first empirical estimates of districts’ carbon emissions and their changes over time based on representative households’ energy consumption. We find that hotspots for carbon emissions in Pakistan tend to cluster around megacities—Islamabad has the highest per capita carbon emissions. This is contradictory to the compact city hypothesis that denser cities are greener, with lower per-capita carbon emissions, than remote cities, and suggest that urbanization in developing countries may not reduce carbon emissions. Our results also show that ignoring household garbage would underestimate the urban carbon footprint by at least 15%. Finally, our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating rural households and their primary energy usage such as firewood, and the fluid nature of carbon emissions and greenness ranking over time in developing countries like Pakistan. |
| Date: | 2020–05–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:202005040700001117&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | This short piece of communication has the sole purpose of identifying some evidence, supporting our view regarding a possible missing environment-nurturing cultural value. Here, we attempt to examine the presence of cultural studies within the boundary of water pollution research. |
| Date: | 2020–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6fzsd&r=all |
| By: | Norihiko Yamano; Joaquim Guilhoto |
| Abstract: | This paper describes the sources and methods used to estimate carbon emissions embodied in final demand and international gross trade for 65 economies over the period 2005-2015. Earlier OECD analyses of carbon footprints, accounting for global production networks, helped raise awareness of divergences between territorial and resident principles, and between production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions. Understanding the differences in these measures is important for governments to better understand and address greenhouse gas mitigation options. Thus, a new refined methodology was applied to allocate territorial emissions to production-based emissions (industries and households) using OECD Inter-Country Input-Output tables and International Energy Agency (IEA) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion statistics. In particular, this methodology introduces: 1) explicit distinctions between territorial and resident principles, economic output and final demand-based emissions and emissions embodied in gross imports and exports; 2) estimates by major fuel combustion sources; and 3) fuel purchases by non-resident industries and households. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, Consumption-based accounting, Inter-Country Input-Output, International trade |
| Date: | 2020–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2020/11-en&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Culture and Development - Culture in Sustainable Development Environment - Environmental Protection Environment - Tourism and Ecotourism |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34433&r=all |
| By: | Armario Benitez, Julia I.; San Juan Mesonada, Carlos |
| Abstract: | The paper focusses on the impact on dryland ecosystems of conflicting governance in the regulations of land use, water for irrigation and electric energy from photovoltaic installations(PV). The research uses the empirical results of a panel data model based on long time series that enable sensitivity of the main crops to energy cost and the viability of the solar panel system connected to the grid to be identified. We present evidence of the private and social benefits of investments in PV to improve the gross margin of farmers and decrease the carbon footprint of the irrigated areas. Relevant regional disparities in the sensitivity of the main crops explain the regional competition for low-cost water resources and the social conflicts associated with water governance. The Feed-In Tariff system for a PV system is evaluated as a tool to reach clean energy targets and preserve the populations working and living in irrigated drylands. An evaluation of the water desalination plants based on PV is analysed as an alternative to balance the hydric resources of intensive irrigated systems. The main conclusion is that coordinated regulation in energy and water policies may improve farmers' profitability and accelerate the speed in reaching environmental targets in drylands. |
| Keywords: | Regional Gross Margin; Adaptation to Climate Change; Profitability of Irrigated Crops; Fit Tariffs; Photovoltaic Systems; Irrigation |
| Date: | 2020–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:31463&r=all |
| By: | Kevin J. Stiroh |
| Abstract: | Remarks at the 2020 Climate Risk Symposium, Global Association of Risk Professionals (delivered via videoconference). |
| Keywords: | climate change; supervision; banking; management; Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Risks (TFCR); financial risk |
| Date: | 2020–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsp:89062&r=all |
| By: | Louise Croneborg; Keiko Saito; Michel Matera; Don McKeown; Jan van Aardt |
| Keywords: | Conflict and Development - Disaster Management Environment - Natural Disasters Urban Development - Hazard Risk Management Water Resources - Flood Control |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34445&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Huyen, Nguyen Thanh Thanh; Ho, Manh-Toan (Thanh Tay University Hanoi) |
| Abstract: | This short piece of communication has the sole purpose of identifying some evidence, supporting our view regarding a possible missing environment-nurturing cultural value. As groundwater depletion has recently emerged as one of the most crucial environmental issues, we aim to examine the extant cultural studies within the boundary of groundwater depletion research. |
| Date: | 2020–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kcgjf&r=all |
| By: | Hasan, Iftekhar; Noth, Felix; Tonzer, Lena |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether cultural norms shaped by religion drive consumer decisions after a corporate scandal. We exploit the notice of violation by the US Environmental Protection Agency in September 2015 accusing Volkswagen (VW) of using software to manipulate car emission values during test phases. We show that new registrations of VW cars decline significantly in German counties with a high share of Protestants following the VW scandal. Our findings document that the enforcement culture in Protestantism facilitates penalising corporate fraud. We corroborate this channel with a survey documenting that Protestants respond significantly different to fraud but not to environmental issues. |
| Keywords: | religion,corporate scandal,consumer choice,climate change |
| JEL: | D12 O30 Q50 Z12 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:242020&r=all |
| By: | Felix Holub; Laura Hospido; Ulrich J. Wagner |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal impact of air pollution on the incidence of sick leaves in a representative panel of employees affiliated to the Spanish social security system. Using over 100 million worker-by-week observations from the period 2005-2014, we estimate the relationship between the share of days an individual is on sick leave in a given week and exposure to particulate matter (PM10) at the place of residence, controlling for weather, individual effects, and a wide range of time-by-location controls. We exploit quasi-experimental variation in PM10 that is due to Sahara dust advection in order to instrument for local PM10 concentrations. We estimate that the causal effect of PM10 on sick leaves is positive and varies with respect to worker and job characteristics. The effect is stronger for workers with pre-existing medical conditions, and weaker for workers with low job security. Our estimates are instrumental for quantifying air pollution damages due to changes in labor supply. We estimate that improved ambient air quality in urban Spain between 2005 and 2014 saved at least €503 million in foregone production by reducing worker absence by more than 5.55 million days. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, health, sickness insurance, labor supply |
| JEL: | I12 I13 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2020_241&r=all |
| By: | pratami, Andi irmawati |
| Abstract: | Kegiatan ini dilakukan di lapangan olahraga desa Bontocini, kami menanam pohon di pinggiran lapangan sebanyak 6 pohon. Go green dilakukan pada sore hari, dengan langkah pertama dilakukan penggalian tanah sebagai media tanam pohon, selanjutnya pohon ditanam serta di timbun, kemudian di lakukan penyiraman agar tanaman terhidrasi sampai esok hari. |
| Date: | 2020–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:psdvr&r=all |
| By: | Margaux Escoffier |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the market reaction to the upstream oil and gas and climate strategy of Total SA. It aims at (i) analyzing whether the market welcomes Total's climate commitment and (ii) comparing investors' reaction to both categories of announcements. By using an event study, our results highlight that the market reacts negatively to both Total's upstream oil and gas and climate strategy. However, the market reacts more negatively to its climate strategy meaning that investors may consider that Total has to do better in terms of climate commitment to mitigate the risk of climate change. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition; climate strategy; financial markets; event study; oil and gas companies; Total SA |
| JEL: | G14 L25 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2020-30&r=all |
| By: | Cheng, Nieyan; Zhang, Wendong; Xiong, Tao |
| Date: | 2020–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:202001010800001065&r=all |
| By: | Maurice Rawlins; Werner Kornexl; Sumit Baral; Neth Baromey; Natasha Martin; Nick Ray |
| Keywords: | Environment - Environmental Protection Environment - Natural Resources Management Environment - Tourism and Ecotourism Health, Nutrition and Population - Disease Control & Prevention |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34321&r=all |
| By: | Frondel, Manuel; Thomas, Tobias |
| Abstract: | Angesichts der wachsenden klimapolitischen Herausforderungen streben mittlerweile viele Länder Europas bis zum Jahr 2050 eine Dekarbonisierung an, das heißt den Ausstieg aus der Nutzung fossiler Energieträger. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentiert dieser Beitrag Prognosen des Energiebedarfs und der Energiemixe für Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz für das Jahr 2030 sowie einen Ausblick auf das Jahr 2050. Der Vergleich der bisherigen Energiepolitiken dieser Länder offenbart gravierende Unterschiede: Während Deutschland bislang vorwiegend auf die massive Subventionierung alternativer Stromerzeugungstechnologien gesetzt hat, war der bisherige Ansatz Österreichs eher, Energieverbrauch und Treibhausgasausstoß mit ordnungsrechtlichen Maßnahmen, insbesondere Ge- und Verboten, aber auch Subventionen, senken zu wollen. Im Gegensatz dazu setzt die Schweiz bereits seit dem Jahr 2008 auf das marktwirtschaftliche Instrument der CO2-Abgabe. Die hier präsentierten Prognosen des Energiebedarfs der drei Länder deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem Deutschland und Österreich mit einer Fortführung der bisherigen Politik das langfristige Ziel einer weitgehenden Dekarbonisierung nicht erreichen dürften, während es in der Schweiz bereits zu einem spürbaren Rückgang des Primärenergieverbrauchs gekommen ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt die jüngst in Deutschland beschlossene CO2--Bepreisung der Emissionen in den Bereichen Verkehr und Wärme besondere Bedeutung. Auch die neue österreichische Bundesregierung möchte in diesen Sektoren eine CO2-Bepreisung einsetzen. Es bleibt allerdings abzuwarten, wie konsequent das marktwirtschaftliche Instrument der CO2-Bepreisung tatsächlich verfolgt wird. |
| Keywords: | CO2-Bepreisung,Strommix,Primärenergiemix |
| JEL: | Q21 Q31 Q47 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ecoarp:13&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen Quy Nghi; Martin H. Lenihan; Claude Saint-Pierre; Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong; Phan Huyen Dan |
| Keywords: | Communities and Human Settlements - Human Migrations & Resettlements Energy - Energy Policies & Economics Energy - Hydro Power Rural Development - Rural and Renewable Energy Water Resources - Dams and Reservoirs Social Development - Participations and Civic Engagement Social Development - Social Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34442&r=all |
| By: | Schleich, Joachim; Durand, Antoine; Brugger, Heike |
| Abstract: | In most countries, minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and energy labels are the key policies to accelerate the diffusion of energy-efficient appliances and to help meet energy efficiency and climate policy targets. This paper estimates country-specific multivariate econometric models for eight EU countries over the period of 2007 to 2017 to evaluate the combined effects of changes in the MEPS and the energy labels entering into force in the EU in 2010 and 2011. The findings suggest that these policies increased the market share of cold appliances (refrigerators and fridge-freezer combinations) with an energy label of A+ and better between about 15 and 38 percentage points. For these appliances, autonomous developments (captured through a time trend) are estimated to range between 5 and 10 percentage points per year. Thus, failure to account for autonomous developments would have resulted in substantially overestimating the combined effects of MEPS and energy label policies in the EU. The findings further imply that policy evaluations should allow for policy effectiveness and autonomous developments to differ across countries. |
| Keywords: | energy efficiency,energy labelling,minimum energy performance standards,policy evaluation |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s182020&r=all |
| By: | Baldos, Uris Lantz; Erwin Corong |
| Abstract: | Understanding the challenges of achieving environmental sustainability goals given future demand for food, fiber and fuel requires economic frameworks that incorporate spatially explicit information on land use and land cover (LULC). The GTAP LULC Data Base and its variants have been extensively used in a wide variety of applications aimed at examining the land-environment-energy nexus (Golub et al., 2012; Hertel et al., 2010; Johnson et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2014; Peña-Lévano et al., 2019; Stevenson et al., 2013; Taheripour et al., 2010; Taheripour & Tyner, 2012). The first release of the GTAP LULC Data Base combines geospatial data on land use and land cover into GTAP 6 Data Base - benchmarked to year 2001 (GTAP LULC v6). The methodology for creating and using this database is well documented (Lee et al., 2009; C. Monfreda et al., 2009; Sohngen et al., 2008). Succeeding updates of the GTAP LULC Data Base (namely v7 and v8 for 2004 and v8 for 2004, 2007) relied on readily available but aggregated GTAP LULC v6, albeit using national-level data from FAOSTAT (2020) (Avetisyan et al., 2010; Baldos & Hertel, 2012). Starting with GTAP 9, LULC was created directly from the latest, high-resolution (i.e. 5-minute) spatial land cover and land use maps in combination with national-level statistics (Baldos, 2017). This memorandum documents the development of the GTAP LULC version10A which is based on the GTAP v10A Data Base for years 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014 (Aguiar et al., 2019). This update heavily relies on the methodology for creating GTAP LULC v9 which downscales national-level land cover and crop production statistics from FAOSTAT (2020) using publicly available spatial data (see Appendix I). |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gta:resmem:6187&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Khuc, Quy Van; Huyen, Nguyen Thanh Thanh; Ho, Manh-Toan (Thanh Tay University Hanoi) |
| Abstract: | This short piece of communication has the sole purpose of identifying some evidence, supporting our view regarding a possible missing environment-nurturing cultural value. Here, we attempt to examine the presence of cultural studies within the boundary of deforestation research. |
| Date: | 2020–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:k3epx&r=all |
| By: | Marielle MONTGINOUL; Sébastien LOUBIER; Frédéric MAUREL; Dominique ROJAT |
| Abstract: | Les prélèvements en eau souterraine ont triplé en 50 ans et on estime que 20 % des aquifères sont aujourd’hui surexploités à travers le monde. Les raisons de cette surexploitation sont relativement bien connues et tiennent à la caractéristique de « bien commun » de l’eau souterraine. Deux cadres d’analyses complémentaires présentés dans ce papier permettent d’identifier les facteurs explicatifs de l’inefficacité relative des modes de gestion des ressources en eau souterraine : l’approche institutionnelle d’Elinor Ostrom et, bien que moins utilisée mais tout autant prometteuse, la théorie des contrats et plus particulièrement la théorie de l’agence. Ces deux courants prônent, pour des raisons parfois identiques, parfois complémentaires, une gestion décentralisée consistant à introduire des « agents intermédiaires » dans le processus de gestion. Nous montrons cependant qu’à ces deux approches doivent s’adosser des instruments économiques incitatifs à l’économie d’eau ou au partage de l’information. Six cas d’étude de gestion plus ou moins décentralisée de gestion de l’eau souterraine ont permis de mettre en évidence les forces et faiblesses de chacun au regard des principes théoriques présentés précédemment. Ces cas d’étude sont : la nappe de l’Astien et la nappe du Roussillon en France, l’aquifère de la Mancha en Espagne, la nappe de Bsissi oued el Akarit en Tunisie, le bassin hydrogéologique de l’Azraq en Jordanie et le bassin du Souss Massa au Maroc. |
| Keywords: | Maroc, Tunisie, Jordanie, Autres pays, France |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2020–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr11805&r=all |
| By: | Hintermayer, Martin (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Schmidt, Lukas (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Zinke, Jonas (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | Recently, several articles rely on marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves to analyze the EU ETS. While the assumptions on MAC curves drive the results, the prevailing literature on the EU ETS does not take the shape of MAC curves into account. This paper discusses the implications of MAC curve properties for the EU ETS. With a partial equilibrium model of the European power sector, we derive two essential properties of MAC curves: First, the shape of MAC curves is convex and depends on economic developments, e.g., fuel prices and interest rates. Second, MAC curves flatten over time, mainly due to enlarging investment opportunities. With convex MAC curves, marginal abatement costs in the EU ETS increase over time, which triggers higher banking of firms. On the contrary, flattening MAC curves over time lead to lower incentives for banking. In particular, short-term MAC curves are steep and thus, raise the price path. |
| Keywords: | EU ETS; Marginal Abatement Cost Curves; Emission Abatement; Power Sector Modeling |
| JEL: | C61 H23 Q41 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2020_008&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | This short piece of communication has the sole purpose of identifying some evidence, supporting our view regarding a possible missing environment-nurturing cultural value. Here, we attempt to examine the presence of cultural studies within the boundary of waste management research. |
| Date: | 2020–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dn7yw&r=all |
| By: | Meier, Jan-Niklas; Lehmann, Paul |
| Abstract: | In federal countries the allocation of renewable energy (RE) deployment is simultaneously regulated by national and subnational governments. We analyze the efficiency of federal coregulation when different types of policy instruments - price and quantity - are assigned to government levels. Using an analytical model with two regulatory levels, we specify conditions that ensure first-best allocation of RE deployment in equilibrium. These efficiency conditions refer to how the financial burden of the national RE support scheme should be shared among subnational jurisdictions. Under realistic assumptions national price-based regulation is efficient if burden shares are proportional to population shares, regardless of the subnational policy instrument. Contrary, under national quantity-based regulation efficiency conditions depend on the subnational policy instrument. While with subnational price-based regulation burden shares should be oriented towards first-best RE deployment shares, with subnational quantity-based regulation burden shares should be oriented towards population shares. |
| Keywords: | multi-level governance,environmental regulation,renewable energies,tender scheme,feed-in tariff,spatial planning |
| JEL: | H77 H23 Q48 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:82020&r=all |
| By: | Debnath, R.; Mittal, V.; Jindal, A. |
| Abstract: | About 70% of India’s current energy mix comprises of coal, and the increase in generation from renewable energy (RE) sources is affecting the health of the power system. We investigated this effect through a cross-sectional of asset utilisation, cost and the social disruption caused by accelerating RE into the Indian Power System. We also derived a challenge-roadmap for the power system using bibliometric analysis. The review-driven interpretivist results revealed that increasing RE generation is pushing the coal plants to operate in low-loading conditions, causing heightened wear and tear of the plant as they are not suitable for flexible operation. It had tremendously increased the operation and maintenance costs of the brownfield plants. While there is a growing scope for cross border trade of electricity, the existing regulatory mechanism poses severe implementation challenges. Social disruption due to shift from coal-economy illustrated a holistic view of the political economy of the Indian power system that can potentially cause large-scale conflict and disrupt the national economy at an unprecedented scale. Policy implications outlined by our study for the draft Electricity (Amendment) Bill 2020 include scoping a socio-technical framework which supports just energy transition through better financial support mechanisms for flexible operation of coal plants. Focusing on clean-up over shut-down of coal plants and facilitating investments in battery storage technologies and cross-border electricity trade as RE and conventional fuel reach market parity. |
| Keywords: | Power System, Flexibility, Coal economy, Social disruption, Energy Transition, Electricity Bill 2020 |
| JEL: | Q4 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2020–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:21006&r=all |
| By: | Pies, Ingo |
| Abstract: | Dieser Text dokumentiert ein Kurzinterview über Fragen der Normativität ökonomischer Bildung, das im Auftrag der Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik (zfwu) mit Ingo Pies geführt wurde. |
| Keywords: | Ordonomik,intentionalistischer Fehlschluss,folk economics,Flugscham,Klimapolitik,Ordonomics,intentionalist fallacy,folk economics,flight shame,climate policy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:mlucee:202008&r=all |
| By: | KAPSARC, King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | In the past couple of years, it became evident that hydrogen would need to play a pivotal role in a carbon-free energy system. It would help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors and act as an energy carrier to manage large variability in renewable energy production and enhance energy security. In most cases, its transportation and storage over a certain distance and timeframe is cheaper than that of electricity. For hydrogen to make an impact, it needs to expand its utility beyond its existing applications. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen, Renewable energy, Hydrogen exploration |
| Date: | 2020–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:wbrief:ks--2020-wb10&r=all |
| By: | Manuel Pulido Velázquez; Alvar Escriva-Bou; Héctor Macián Sorribes |
| Abstract: | España es un país de contrates geográficos y climáticos, y con una realidad socioeconómica compleja. Estas circunstancias ocasionan importantes variaciones en el recurso hídrico disponible, en su demanda y en el peso que las actividades dependientes del agua tienen en la economía. La distribución de los recursos hídricos en España presenta una asimetría muy marcada entre su zona norte (Galicia y la cornisa cantábrica) y el resto del territorio peninsular. Además, mejores condiciones hidroclimáticas para la agricultura en el arco mediterráneo hacen que la distribución del uso de agua sea casi inversa a la de recursos. Esto general un estrés hídrico significativo en gran parte del sudeste peninsular, llegando a niveles de sobreexplotación en algunas regiones, poniendo en tela de juicio su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Esta sostenibilidad es, sin embargo, crucial para dichas zonas por la importancia que tienen la agricultura y el turismo en sus economías, y por los puestos de trabajo vinculados directa o indirectamente a estas actividades. Las proyecciones de cambio climático para la España peninsular muestran un agravamiento de estos problemas ya que, salvo en su zona norte, se observan descensos apreciables en los recursos hídricos disponibles, pudiendo llegar a niveles en los que buena parte del territorio se hallara en situación de sobreexplotación. Es necesario por tanto diseñar políticas de asignación y gestión eficiente que permitan anticiparse a esta situación, garantizando la sostenibilidad socio-económica de las regiones más vulnerables frente a la escasez hídrica. |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2020-38&r=all |
| By: | Georg Meran; Markus Siehlow; Christian von Hirschhausen |
| Abstract: | This paper applies a microeconomic-based stylized model to identify the optimal modal split of water supply infrastructure in regions of the Global South against the background of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 6. We assume a linear city, with some plausible assumptions on income and willingness-to-pay, and then calculate the optimal tap density, leading in turn to an optimal modal split between piped and unconnected water consumption. From an economic perspective, not all water users need to be connected to a centralized, pipeline infrastructure, and the non-connected households should be served by non-mobile or mobile vendors. The analysis is firstly made for the case of totally inelastic demand functions for simplification reasons and afterwards the analysis becomes more complicated and realistic by addressing elastic demand functions which are based on a simplified version of the Stone-Geary utility function. In terms of policy implications, the paper suggests a role for decentral, offgrid solutions to generalized water supply, with a certain role for water vendors. |
| Keywords: | Water, Infrastructure, mobile vendors, integrated planning, informal economy |
| JEL: | C31 R12 O17 Q25 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1916&r=all |
| By: | Hossan, Dalowar |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility practices of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), Bangladesh and to know the client’s knowledge, feedback, awareness and eagerness towards the CSR activities while choosing a bank. This study also investigates the level of present and expected CSR contribution of this bank. A cross- sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self administered questionnaire and data were collected from 100 clients at South Surma branch. Data were analyzed using SPSS and the findings revealed that CSR activities played an important role for clients to choose a bank. Most of the clients were aware of CSR program and they had positive reaction to CSR practices of DBBL. Clients also suggested to expand CSR practices and they were willing to contribute for social activities financially. The results show the policy implications for business community, citizen, customers, investors, managers and other stakeholders. |
| Date: | 2020–09–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:47e3t&r=all |
| By: | Rockey, Craig F. |
| Keywords: | Public Economics |
| Date: | 2020–10–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cantrf:305873&r=all |
| By: | Anthony PARIS; Pascal GASTINEAU; Pierre-Alexandre MAHIEU; Benoît CHEZE |
| Keywords: | , biofuels, discrete choice experiment, social acceptance, willingness to pay |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:leo:wpaper:2828&r=all |
| By: | Ivan T. Ivanov; Marco Macchiavelli; Joao A. C. Santos |
| Abstract: | Natural disasters are usually associated with an increase in the demand for credit by both households and companies in the affected regions. However, if capacity constraints preclude banks from meeting the local increase in demand, the banks may reduce lending elsewhere, thus propagating the shock to unaffected areas. In this post, we analyze the corporate loan market and find that banks, particularly those with lower capital, reduce credit provisioning to distant regions unaffected by natural disasters. We also find that shadow banks only partially offset the reduction in bank credit, so borrowers in regions unaffected by natural disasters experience a decline in credit supply. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters; bank lending; shadow banks |
| JEL: | Q54 G21 G23 |
| Date: | 2020–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:89058&r=all |
| By: | Ángel Iván Moreno (Banco de España); Teresa Caminero (Banco de España) |
| Abstract: | In this article we apply text mining techniques to analyse the TCFD recommendations on climate-related disclosures of the 12 significant Spanish financial institutions using publicly available corporate reports from 2014 until 2019. In our analysis, applying our domain knowledge, first we create a taxonomy of concepts present in disclosures associated with each of the four areas described in the TCFD recommendations. This taxonomy is then linked together by a set of rules in query form of selected concepts. The queries are crafted so that they identify the excerpts most likely to relate to each of the TCFD’s 11 recommended disclosures. By applying these rules we estimate a TCFD compliance index for each of the four main areas for the period 2014-2019 using corporate reports in Spanish. We also describe some challenges in analysing climate-related disclosures. The index gives an overview of the evolution of the level of climate-related financial disclosures present in the corporate reports of the Spanish banking sector. The results indicate that the quantity of climate-related disclosures reported by the banking sector is growing each year. Besides, our study also suggests that some disclosures are only present in reports different than annual and ESG reports, such as Pillar 3 reports or reports on remuneration of directors. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, sustainability data gaps, text mining, TCFD, Taxonomy and Ontology Management |
| JEL: | C81 G32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:2035&r=all |
| By: | Ayumi Koyama |
| Keywords: | Social Protections and Labor - Disability Water Resources - Water and Human Health Water Supply and Sanitation - Sanitation and Sewerage Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34429&r=all |
| By: | Samosir, Tondy Hatorangan |
| Abstract: | Pentingnya Standar Kompetensi untuk mewujudkan sumber daya manusia berkualitas |
| Date: | 2020–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ev6ts&r=all |