Setiausaha Perang Amerika Syarikat

Setiausaha Perang
Amerika Syarikat
Setiausaha Perang; Amerika Syarikat
United States Secretary of War
	Mohor rasmi
	Bendera Setiausaha Perang
	Jabatan Perang Amerika Syarikat
Gelaran	Tuan Setiausaha
Anggota bagi	Kabinet Amerika Syarikat
Lapor kepada	Presiden
Bidang kuasa	Amerika Syarikat
Institusi	Jabatan Perang Amerika Syarikat
Kediaman	Washington
Pusat	Washington, D.C.
Dilantik oleh	Presiden; atas nasihat dan persetujuan Senat
Tempoh jawatan	Tiada tempoh ditetapkan
Pelopor	Setiausaha masa Perang
Dibentuk	1789
Pemegang pertama	Henry Knox
Pemegang akhir	Kenneth C. Royall
Dimansuhkan	1947
Digantikan oleh	Setiausaha Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat, Setiausaha Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat dan Setiausaha Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat
Penggantian	Setiausaha Pertahanan; Setiausaha Tentera Darat; Setiausaha Tentera Udara
Senarai	List of United States Secretaries of War (en)
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Setiausaha Perang adalah anggota Kabinet Presiden Amerika Syarikat, bermula dengan pentadbiran George Washington. Satu jawatan yang sama, samada dipanggil "Setiausaha masa Perang" atau "Setiausaha Perang," telah dilantik untuk berkhidmat dengan Kongres Konfederasi dibawah Artikel Konfederasi antara tahun 1781 dan 1789. Benjamin Lincoln dan kemudian Henry Knox menyandang jawatan itu. Apabila Washington dilantik sebagai presiden pertama dibawah Perlembagaan, beliau melantik Knox untuk terus berkhidmat.

Setiausaha Perang merupakan ketua Jabatan Perang. Pada mulanya, beliau bertanggungjawab bagi semua urusan ketenteraan, termasuk hal ehwal tentera laut. Pada tahun 1798, Setiausaha Tentera Laut telah diwujudkan oleh statut, dan skop tanggungjawab bagi pejabat ini dikurangkan kepada hal ehwal Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat. Dari tahun 1886 seterusnya, Setiausaha Perang berada di tempat ketiga dalam susunan penggantian jawatan presiden, selepas Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat dan Setiausaha Negara.

Pada tahun 1947, dengan pelulusan Akta Keselamatan Negara 1947, Setiausaha Perang digantikan oleh Setiausaha Tentera Darat dan Setiausaha Tentera Udara, yang, berserta dengan Setiausaha Tentera Laut, sejak tahun 1949 menjadi subordinat bukan-Kabinet dibawah Setiausaha Pertahanan. Pejabat Setiausaha Tentera Darat secara umumnya dianggap pengganti terus kepada Setiausaha Perang walaupun Setiausaha Pertahanan mengambil tempat Setiausaha Perang dalam Kabinet, dan susunan penggantian jawatan presiden.

Senarai Setiausaha

Setiausaha masa Perang (1781–1789)

Pejabat Setiausaha masa Perang dimodelkan mengikut Setiausaha masa Perang Great Britain, iaitu William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, pada masa Revolusi Amerika. Pejabat Setiausaha masa Perang bertujuan menggantikan Panglima Tertinggi dan Lembaga Perang, dan seperti Presiden Lembaga, Setiausaha tidak memakai insignia khas. Inspektor Jeneral, Kuartermaster Jeneral, Komisari Jeneral, dan Ajutan Jeneral berkhidmat pada staf Setiausaha. Bagaimanapun, Tentera Darat sendiri dibawah Setiausaha Henry Knox hanya terdiri daripada 700 anggota.

No.	Potret	Nama	Negeri kediaman	Ambil jawatan	Lepas jawatan	Kongres
1		Benjamin Lincoln	Massachusetts	1781	1783	Kongres Konfederasi
2		Henry Knox	Massachusetts	March 8, 1785	September 12, 1789	Kongres Konfederasi

Setiausaha Perang (1789–1947)

Dwight F. Davis mengangkat sumpah sebagai Setiausaha Perang pada tahun 1925. Mantan Setiausaha John W. Weeks dan Ketua Hakim William Howard Taft berdiri disebelahnya.

Parti

Tiada parti (1) Federalis (3) Demokrat-Republikan (8) Demokrat (14) Whig (5) Republikan (25)

No.	Nama	Negeri kediaman	Ambil jawatan	Lepas jawatan	Presiden
1	Henry Knox	Massachusetts	September 12, 1789	December 31, 1794		George Washington
style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 2	Timothy Pickering	Pennsylvania^[1]	January 2, 1795	December 10, 1795
rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 3	James McHenry	Maryland	January 27, 1796	June 1, 1800^[2]
rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	James McHenry	Maryland	January 27, 1796	June 1, 1800^[2]	John Adams
style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 4	Samuel Dexter	Massachusetts	June 1, 1800	January 31, 1801	John Adams
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 5	Henry Dearborn	Massachusetts	March 5, 1801	March 4, 1809	style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Thomas Jefferson
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 6	William Eustis	Massachusetts	March 7, 1809	January 13, 1813	rowspan=4 style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	James Madison
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 7	John Armstrong, Jr.	New York	January 13, 1813	September 27, 1814
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 8	James Monroe	Virginia	September 27, 1814	March 2, 1815
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 9	William H. Crawford	Georgia	August 1, 1815	October 22, 1816
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 10	John C. Calhoun	South Carolina	October 8, 1817	March 4, 1825	style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	James Monroe
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 11	James Barbour	Virginia	March 7, 1825	May 23, 1828	rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	John Quincy Adams
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 12	Peter Buell Porter	New York	May 23, 1828	March 9, 1829		John Quincy Adams
13	John H. Eaton	Tennessee	March 9, 1829	June 18, 1831		Andrew Jackson
14	Lewis Cass	Ohio	August 1, 1831	October 5, 1836		Andrew Jackson
15	Joel Roberts Poinsett	South Carolina	March 7, 1837	March 4, 1841		Martin Van Buren
rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 16	John Bell	Tennessee	March 5, 1841	September 13, 1841	style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	William Henry Harrison
rowspan=4 style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	John Bell	Tennessee	March 5, 1841	September 13, 1841	John Tyler
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 17	John Canfield Spencer	New York	October 12, 1841	March 4, 1843
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 18	James Madison Porter	Pennsylvania	March 8, 1843	February 14, 1844
19	William Wilkins	Pennsylvania	February 15, 1844	March 4, 1845
20	William Learned Marcy	New York	March 6, 1845	March 4, 1849		James K. Polk
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 21	George W. Crawford	Georgia	March 8, 1849	July 22, 1850	style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Zachary Taylor
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \| 22	Charles Magill Conrad	Louisiana	August 15, 1850	March 4, 1853	style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Millard Fillmore
23	Jefferson Davis	Mississippi	March 7, 1853	March 4, 1857		Franklin Pierce
24	John B. Floyd	Virginia	March 6, 1857	December 29, 1860		James Buchanan
25	Joseph Holt	Kentucky	January 18, 1861	March 4, 1861		James Buchanan
26	Simon Cameron	Pennsylvania	March 5, 1861	January 14, 1862		Abraham Lincoln
27	Edwin M. Stanton	Pennsylvania	January 20, 1862	May 28, 1868		Abraham Lincoln
27	Edwin M. Stanton	Pennsylvania	January 20, 1862	May 28, 1868		Andrew Johnson
28	John McAllister Schofield	Illinois	June 1, 1868	March 13, 1869		Andrew Johnson
29	John Aaron Rawlins	Illinois	March 13, 1869	September 6, 1869		Ulysses S. Grant
30	William W. Belknap	Iowa	October 25, 1869	March 2, 1876
31	Alphonso Taft	Ohio	March 8, 1876	May 22, 1876
32	J. Donald Cameron	Pennsylvania	May 22, 1876	March 4, 1877
33	George W. McCrary	Iowa	March 12, 1877	December 10, 1879		Rutherford B. Hayes
34	Alexander Ramsey	Minnesota	December 10, 1879	March 4, 1881		Rutherford B. Hayes
35	Robert Todd Lincoln	Illinois	March 5, 1881	March 4, 1885		James A. Garfield
35	Robert Todd Lincoln	Illinois	March 5, 1881	March 4, 1885		Chester A. Arthur
36	William Crowninshield Endicott	Massachusetts	March 5, 1885	March 4, 1889		Grover Cleveland
37	Redfield Proctor	Vermont	March 5, 1889	November 5, 1891		Benjamin Harrison
38	Stephen Benton Elkins	West Virginia	December 17, 1891	March 4, 1893		Benjamin Harrison
39	Daniel S. Lamont	New York	March 5, 1893	March 4, 1897		Grover Cleveland
40	Russell A. Alger	Michigan	March 5, 1897	August 1, 1899		William McKinley
41	Elihu Root	New York	August 1, 1899	January 31, 1904		William McKinley
41	Elihu Root	New York	August 1, 1899	January 31, 1904		Theodore Roosevelt
42	William Howard Taft	Ohio	February 1, 1904	June 30, 1908
43	Luke Edward Wright	Tennessee	July 1, 1908	March 4, 1909
44	Jacob M. Dickinson	Tennessee	March 12, 1909	May 21, 1911		William Howard Taft
45	Henry L. Stimson	New York	May 22, 1911	March 4, 1913		William Howard Taft
46	Lindley Miller Garrison	New Jersey	March 5, 1913	February 10, 1916		Woodrow Wilson
47	Newton D. Baker	Ohio	March 9, 1916	March 4, 1921		Woodrow Wilson
48	John W. Weeks	Massachusetts	March 5, 1921	October 13, 1925		Warren G. Harding
48	John W. Weeks	Massachusetts	March 5, 1921	October 13, 1925		Calvin Coolidge
49	Dwight F. Davis	Missouri	October 14, 1925	March 4, 1929		Calvin Coolidge
50	James William Good	Illinois	March 6, 1929	November 18, 1929		Herbert Hoover
51	Patrick J. Hurley	Oklahoma	December 9, 1929	March 4, 1933		Herbert Hoover
52	George Dern	Utah	March 4, 1933	August 27, 1936		Franklin D. Roosevelt
53	Harry Hines Woodring	Kansas	September 25, 1936	June 20, 1940
54	Henry L. Stimson	New York	July 10, 1940	September 21, 1945
54	Henry L. Stimson	New York	July 10, 1940	September 21, 1945		Harry S. Truman
55	Robert P. Patterson	New York	September 27, 1945	July 18, 1947
56	Kenneth C. Royall	North Carolina	July 19, 1947	September 18, 1947

Lihat juga

Setiausaha Perang Negara Konfederasi

Rujukan

Nota kaki

^ http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hlaw:7:./temp/~ammem_WqlO::
^ "Papers of the War Department". Wardepartmentpapers.org. Dicapai pada 2012-05-15.

Bacaan lanjut

Bell, William Gardner (2005). Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005: Portraits and Biographical Sketches. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History.
Grossman, Mark (2010). Encyclopedia of the United States Cabinet 1789-2010. Armenia, New York: Greyhouse Publishing.
King, Archibald (1960) [1949]. Command of the Army (PDF). Military Affairs. Charlottesville, Virginia: The Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army.

[1] ttp://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hlaw:7:./temp/~ammem_WqlO::

[2] "Papers of the War Department". Wardepartmentpapers.org. Dicapai pada 2012-05-15.

[1]

[2]

l b s Jabatan eksekutif persekutuan Amerika Syarikat
Terkini	Pertanian Perdagangan Pertahanan Pendidikan Tenaga Kesihatan dan Khidmat Masyarakat Keselamatan Dalam Negeri Perumahan dan Pembangunan Bandar Dalam Negeri Keadilan Buruh Negara Pengangkutan Perbendaharaan Hal Ehwal Veteran
Terdahulu	Tentera Udara Tentera Darat Perdagangan dan Buruh Kesihatan, Pendidikan, dan Kebajikan Tentera Laut Pejabat Pos Perang