Indra

Indra atau Indera^[1] (Sanskrit: इन्द्रcode: sa is deprecated , Jawi: ‏ايندرا‎code: ms is deprecated ‎) adalah suatu dewa disembah dalam agama-agama Hindu,^[2]^[1] Buddha^[3] dan Jain.^[4] Agama Hindu terutamanya menyembah dan menyanjungnya (melalui kitab Rig Veda^[5]) sebagai dewa langit, kilat petir, hujan ribut dan peperangan;^[1]^[6]^[7]^[8] malah juga ini penghulu segala dewa-dewi yang memerintah di alam angkasanya sama ada di Svarga^[6]^[7]^[8] atau berhampiran Gunung Meru.^[9]^[10] Kedudukan ini boleh dianggap setaraf dengan beberapa dewa yang disembah tamadun-tamadun purba lain seperti Jupiter, Zeus, dan Thor.^[2]^[11]^[12]

Agama Buddha menganggap Indra sebagai suatu dewa penjaga^[3] manakala agama Jain menganggapnya sebagai penunggu syurga tertinggi iaitu Saudharmakalpa.^[4]

Dewa ini sering digambarkan memegang senjata petir vajra dan menunggang seekor gajah putih bernama Airawata.^[13]^[14]

Kepercayaan

Dalam anutan Hindu

Dalam anutan Buddha

Dalam agama Jain

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b ^c "Indera". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ ^a ^b Thomas Berry (1996). Religions of India: Hinduism, Yoga, Buddhism. Columbia University Press. m/s. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-231-10781-5.
^ ^a ^b Helen Josephine Baroni (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism. The Rosen Publishing Group. m/s. 153. ISBN 978-0-8239-2240-6.
^ ^a ^b Lisa Owen (2012). Carving Devotion in the Jain Caves at Ellora. BRILL Academic. m/s. 25. ISBN 978-90-04-20629-8.
^ Jan Gonda (1989). The Indra Hymns of the Ṛgveda. Brill Archive. m/s. 3. ISBN 90-04-09139-4.
^ ^a ^b Gopal, Madan (1990). India Through the Ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. m/s. 66.
^ ^a ^b Jeffrey, M. Shaw PH D.; Timothy, J. Demy PH D. (27 March 2017). War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict [3 volumes] - Google Książki. ISBN 9781610695176.
^ ^a ^b Edward Delavan Perry, Perry, Edward Delavan (1885). "Indra in the Rig-Veda". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 11 (1885): 121. JSTOR 592191.
^ Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013). The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton University Press. m/s. 739–740. ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8.
^ Wilkings 1882.
^ T. N. Madan (2003). The Hinduism Omnibus. Oxford University Press. m/s. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-566411-9.
^ Sukumari Bhattacharji (2015). The Indian Theogony. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 280–281.
^ Alain Daniélou (1991). The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series. Inner Traditions. m/s. 108–109. ISBN 978-0-89281-354-4.
^ T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1993). Elements of Hindu iconography. Motilal Banarsidass. m/s. 111. ISBN 978-81-208-0878-2.

Rencana berkaitan agama Hindu ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Rencana berkenaan agama Buddha ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[KamusDewan-1] "Indera". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[Berry1996p20-2] Thomas Berry (1996). Religions of India: Hinduism, Yoga, Buddhism. Columbia University Press. m/s. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-231-10781-5.

[Baroni2002p153-3] Helen Josephine Baroni (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism. The Rosen Publishing Group. m/s. 153. ISBN 978-0-8239-2240-6.

[Owen2012p25-4] Lisa Owen (2012). Carving Devotion in the Jain Caves at Ellora. BRILL Academic. m/s. 25. ISBN 978-90-04-20629-8.

[Gonda1989p3-5] Jan Gonda (1989). The Indra Hymns of the Ṛgveda. Brill Archive. m/s. 3. ISBN 90-04-09139-4.

[:0-6] Gopal, Madan (1990). India Through the Ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. m/s. 66.

[urlWar_and_Religion:_An_Encyclopedia_of_Faith_and_Conflict_[3_volumes]_-_Google_Książki-7] Jeffrey, M. Shaw PH D.; Timothy, J. Demy PH D. (27 March 2017). War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict [3 volumes] - Google Książki. ISBN 9781610695176.

[:1-8] Edward Delavan Perry, Perry, Edward Delavan (1885). "Indra in the Rig-Veda". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 11 (1885): 121. JSTOR 592191.

[buswelllopez739-9] Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013). The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton University Press. m/s. 739–740. ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8.

[FOOTNOTEWilkings1882-10] Wilkings 1882.

[11] T. N. Madan (2003). The Hinduism Omnibus. Oxford University Press. m/s. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-566411-9.

[12] Sukumari Bhattacharji (2015). The Indian Theogony. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 280–281.

[Daniélou1991p108-13] Alain Daniélou (1991). The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series. Inner Traditions. m/s. 108–109. ISBN 978-0-89281-354-4.

[14] T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1993). Elements of Hindu iconography. Motilal Banarsidass. m/s. 111. ISBN 978-81-208-0878-2.

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