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{{Distinguish|Saka|orang Sakai}}{{Expand language|otherarticle=سکاها|langcode=fa|date=November 2023}}[[File:Warrior_of_Scithians.png|thumb|340x340px|Seorang askar berkuda Saka.]]
'''Bangsa Saka''' ([[bahasa Parsi kuno|bahasa Parsi Kuno]]: {{lang|peo|{{script|Xpeo|{{small|𐎿𐎣𐎠}}}}}} {{transliteration|peo|Sakā}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004217584/BP000020.xml|title=Brill's Companion to Herodotus|last=West|first=Stephanie|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2002|isbn=978-90-04-21758-4|editor-last1=Bakker|editor-first1=Egbert J.|editor-link1=Egbert Bakker|pages=437–456|chapter=Scythians|author-link=Stephanie West|editor-last2=de Jong|editor-first2=Irene J. F.|editor-link2=Irene de Jong|editor-last3=van Wees|editor-first3=Hans}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/scythians|title=Scythians|last=Ivantchik|first=Askold|date=2018|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica|language=en-US|url-status=live|access-date=2023-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/iran/airan/apers/apers.htm|title=Old Persian Corpus|website=TITUS Texts|publisher=Universiti Frankfurt|url-status=live|access-date=2023-11-21}}</ref> [[Bahasa Parsi|bentuk moden]]: {{Script|Arab|سَکاها}} ''Sakâhâ'', {{lang-grc|Σκύθαι}} ''Skithai'', [[bahasa Latin]]: ''Scythae''<ref>[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia/Liber_IV Buku IV] ''[[Naturalis historia]]'' karya [[Plinius yang Tua]] </ref>) adalah bangsa [[gembala]] berkuda serumpun [[Orang Parsi|bangsa Iran]] Barat<ref>{{harvnb|Sulimirski|1985|pp=149–153}}: "During the first half of the first millennium B.C., c. 3,000 to 2,500 years ago, the southern part of Eastern Europe was occupied mainly by peoples of Iranian stock [...] The main Iranian-speaking peoples of the region at that period were the Scyths and the Sarmatians [...]"

{{harvnb|Melyukova|1990|pp=97–98}}: "From the end of the 7th century B.C. to the 4th century B.C. the Central- Eurasian steppes were inhabited by two large groups of kin Iranian-speaking tribes – the Scythians and Sarmatians [...]"

{{harvnb|Melyukova|1990|p=117}}: "All contemporary historians, archeologists and linguists are agreed that since the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes were of the Iranian linguistic group [...]"

{{harvnb|Davis-Kimball|Bashilov|Yablonsky|1995|p=91}}: "Near the end of the 19th century V.F. Miller (1886, 1887) theorized that the Scythians and their kindred, the Sauromatians, were Iranian-speaking peoples. This has been a popular point of view and continues to be accepted in linguistics and historical science [...]"

{{harvnb|Jacobson|1995|pp=31–32}}: "Whatever their ultimate origins, by the time the Pontic Scythians settled in the region of the Black Sea, they almost certainly spoke an Iranian language [...]"

{{harvnb|Batty|2007|p=205}}: "The original Scythians, as far as we can tell, were Iranian-speaking nomadic pastoralists."

{{harvnb|Ivantchik|2018}}: "Scythians, a nomadic people of Iranian origin [...]"

{{harvnb|Dandamayev|1994|p=37}}: "In modern scholarship the name 'Sakas' is reserved for the ancient tribes of northern and eastern Central Asia and Eastern Turkestan to distinguish them from the related Massagetae of the Aral region and the Scythians of the Pontic steppes. These tribes spoke Iranian languages, and their chief occupation was nomadic pastoralism."

{{harvnb|Harmatta|1996|p=181}}: "[B]oth Cimmerians and Scythians were Iranian peoples."

{{harvnb|Sulimirski|1985|pp=149–153}}: "During the first half of the first millennium B.C., c. 3,000 to 2,500 years ago, the southern part of Eastern Europe was occupied mainly by peoples of Iranian stock [...] [T]he population of ancient Scythia was far from being homogeneous, nor were the Scyths themselves a homogeneous people. The country called after them was ruled by their principal tribe, the "Royal Scyths" (Her. iv. 20), who were of Iranian stock and called themselves "Skolotoi" [...]"

{{harvnb|West|2002|pp=437–440}}: "[T]rue Scyths seems to be those whom [Herodotus] calls Royal Scyths, that is, the group who claimed hegemony [...] apparently warrior-pastoralists. It is generally agreed, from what we know of their names, that these were people of Iranian stock [...]"

{{harvnb|Rolle|1989|p=56}}: "The physical characteristics of the Scythians correspond to their cultural affiliation: their origins place them within the group of Iranian peoples."

{{harvnb|Rostovtzeff|1922|p=13}}: "The Scythian kingdom [...] was succeeded in the Russian steppes by an ascendancy of various Sarmatian tribes — Iranians, like the Scythians themselves."

{{harvnb|Minns|1913|p=36}}: "The general view is that both agricultural and nomad Scythians were Iranian."</ref> yang ber[[Nomad|pindah-randah]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Scythian|encyclopedia=The New [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Micropædia|volume=10|series=Volume|edition=15th|page=576|quote=member of a nomadic people originally of [[Eastern Iranian languages|Iranian stock]] who migrated from Central Asia to southern Russia in the 8th and 7th centuries BC|ref=harv}}</ref> serata wilayah [[Steppe|stepe]] [[Ukraina|Ukraine]] Timur, [[Rusia]] Selatan, [[Georgia]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]] dan [[Asia Tengah]] pada zaman [[baharian klasik]] sampai ber[[Scythia|kerajaan sendiri]] di wilayah sekitar [[Asia Timur]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5283320.stm|title=Scythian mummy shown in Germany|author=|date=24 August 2006|newspaper=BBC News|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref> dari 7 SM sampai 3 TM. Banyak maklumat ditemui dari catatan ''[[Historia]]'' karangan [[Herodotus|Herodotos]] sek. 440 SM serta sajak ''[[Epistulae ex Ponto]]'' karya [[Ovidius]] bahkan penemuan arkeologi menunjukkan adanya benda-benda indah dari emas yang ditemukan di [[Kurgan|tinggalan makam]] di [[Ukraina|Ukraine]] dan [[Rusia]] selatan.

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|2}}

;Sumber
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9U6RlVVjpakC|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Development of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250|last=Dandamayev|first=Muhammad|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|year=1994|isbn=9231028464|editor-last=Harmatta|editor-first=János Harmatta|volume=1|pages=35–64|chapter=Media and Achaemenid Iran}}

* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSgSAQAAIAAJ|title=Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age|last1=Davis-Kimball|first1=Jeannine|last2=Bashilov|first2=Vladimir A.|last3=Yablonsky|first3=Leonid T.|publisher=Zinat Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-885979-00-1}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0000unse_w0y6|title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|last=Melyukova|first=A. I.|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24304-9|editor-last=Sinor|editor-first=Denis|location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]]|pages=97–117|chapter=The Scythians and Sarmatians}}
* {{cite book|title=The Median and Achaemenian Periods|last=Sulimirski|first=T.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1985|isbn=978-1-139-05493-5|editor-last=Gershevitch|editor-first=I.|series=The Cambridge History of Iran|volume=2|location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]]|pages=149–199|chapter=The Scyths}}

== Pautan luar ==
{{Commons category}}

* [http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/562 "A chronology of the Scythian antiquities of Eurasia based on new archaeological and C-14 data", Alekseev, A.Y. et al.] A detailed scholarly article on pre-Scythian, early Scythian and classical Scythian archaeological sites and their dating, by the Hermitage Museum's director of archaeology and others.
* [http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/431 "Some problems in the study of the chronology of the ancient nomadic cultures in Eurasia (9th–3rd centuries BC)", Alekseev, A.Y. et al.] More of the same.
* [http://www.fotuva.org/history/archaeology.html "Scythian Gold From Siberia Said to Predate the Greeks"] A journalist's article on the Arzhan finds, quoting Hermitage experts
{{tunas-sejarah}}
{{tunas-Rusia}}
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{{tunas-arkeologi-Asia}}
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