Samarra

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Samarra

archaeological site, big city

Native label	سامراء
Country	Iraq
Capital of	Abbasid Caliphate
Located in the administrative territorial entity	Diyala Governorate
Coordinate location	34°11′45″N 43°53′8″E
Significant event	list of World Heritage in Danger
Heritage designation	World Heritage Site
Postal code	34010
World Heritage criteria	(ii), (iii), (iv)
Category for maps or plans	Category:Maps of Samarra

Samarra (Arabic: سَامَرَّاء, Sāmarrāʾ) yaa tẽn-bedre n be Iraq pʋge. Tẽnga yasa Tigris kʋlga yaanga sẽnẽ kʋl-geemd so-yɛka sẽn be Saladin leta, n be 125 kilometr ramba (78 mi) Baghdad rɩtg baobgo. Moeemb bɩ Alsɩlaama ramba b sẽn boond t Abbasid wã taoor soaba, Al-Mutasim n tʋɩɩs Samarra tẽnga n kõ a Turkey kam-bõanse wẽnde wa sodaase tusa-tã tɩ nadem n ta wa tus-piiga. B makame tɩ yʋʋmd 2003 pʋge,^[1] tẽnga neb nin-buiidu taa 348,700. Iraq ramb tẽng-n-biilim tãb-kaoora sasa, Samarra ra yaa sẽn be "Sunni Triangle" keelema pʋge.

Kʋdemde Sʋk yʋʋm sõore sasa, Samarra ra yaa Abbasid Caliphate wã na-tẽnga, la tẽn-kanga n ket be Moeemb na-tẽnse sẽn ka tek b pipi gãnegre, zags nɩ yiya nɩ archaeology ramb teedo. 2007 yʋʋmda pʋge la UNESCO dɩk Samarra n paas b World Heritage Sites Ãndũni Faado Zĩisa zugu.^[2][3]

•    Samarra dẽenem   kʋdemde kibare
•    Neo Assyrian (Assyrian paalga) sasa kibare
•    Abbasid na-tẽnga kibare
•    Wẽnd tũudub võore
•    Zamaan-paalga sasa

Samarra dẽenem kʋdemde Sẽn-ket teedo pipi yãndre n'a vɛɛsg tu yʋʋma 1911 nɩ 1914 sʋka. Ra yaa German archaeology tʋʋm soaba, Ernst Herzfeld n tu a. Rẽ yĩng t Samarra wa lebg ziig bɩ sitã-zẽng n kõ Samarra rog-n-mik yɛla. Yit hal 1946 yʋʋmd, seb-biisa, lɛtre ramba, gaagre toagsga nɩ fot-rãmba sẽn pa moone fãa solga Freer Gallery of Art sẽn be Washington D.C. wã pʋge.

B rog-n-mika kẽng taoore maana nobgre  Ubaid sasa n paas tẽns nins b sẽn yɩ dẽenem soabã n lebg leta tẽn-bɛd Near East y wã. Pa woto n yit hal 5,500 BCE n t baas n lʋi bɩ n tusg 3,900 BCE pʋge.

      Tẽn-bedre sẽn boond t Sur-marrati (Sennacheri n lebg n tʋɩɩsa 690 BC pʋge kibare sẽn gʋls kugr nina sẽn be Walters Art Museum wã zugu miningã) bãng'ramɩ nɩ Assyria-ramb sitã kãnkãe sẽn be al-Huwaysh n be Tigris kʋlga sẽn yɩs nɩ Samarra. State Archives of Assyria Online bãng zaamẽ tɩ Surimarrat la Samarra zamaan-paalga sitã.^[4]

Kʋdemde Samarra zĩis yʋʋya  Samarra Archaeological Survey ramb sẽn sakd yaa Greek Souma (Ptolemy V.19, Zosimus III, 30), Latin Sumere, kom bõndo yalsgo zĩiga nina b sẽn bool a Flavius Claudius Julian kom bõnda yiibu 363 AD sasa (Ammianus Marcellinus XXV, 6, 4), la Syriac Sumra (Hoffmann, Auszüge, 188; Michael the Syrian, III, 88), b sẽn mamse tɩ tẽn-koaka.

Qatul al-Kisrawi, Nahrawan Canal (Ko-sore) wã wĩn-dɩtg baobgo sẽne yalgra nina sẽn wõngre koom n yit Tigris kʋlg sẽn be Samarra baobg-y wã pakre wʋlgamɩ tɩ nin-buiidu wa be wʋsgo ziigĩ wã yaa sẽn tõe n maane. Ra yaa Yakut al-Hamawi (Mu 'jam, gese "Qatul" tẽngre) n maan kibare kada toeem tʋʋm zĩig n kõ Khosrau I (531 - 578). B ra mẽ gãosgo roogo bedre Samarra wĩn-goabga baobgo noore (zamaan-paalga sasa Burj al-Qa'im), la b mẽ na-zaka bɩ na-yir sẽn tar "arzãna" tãoosgo pʋʋgo sẽn tiig lalga n be wĩn-goabg baobgo noore (zamaan-paalga sasa Nahr ar-Rasasi) sẽn pẽnege ad-Dawr   n yug tʋʋma baasre. Ko-sore paalga, Qatul Abi al-Jund, Abbasid Moeemb taor-sõba a Harun al-Rashid sẽn vɛɛse nina wã da yugamɩ nɩ b nadem n mẽ tẽn-bedre sẽn wẽndẽ rul-tĩisa nii bõndo (Zamaan-paalga sasa Husn al-Qadisiyya), sẽn yʋʋr da boond tɩ al-Mubarak.

   Yʋʋmd 836 CE pʋge, Abbasid Moeemb taor-sõba sẽn yʋʋr ra yaa Al-Mu'tasim wã naana na-tẽng paalga Tigris kʋlga kʋl-geemde. A le mẽ na-zags wʋsgo kaanẽ la a leb n mẽ kam-bõndo zags n gilga ziiga n kõ a gʋʋda. A gʋʋda wʋsg paamra Azi Sʋka (Central Asia) nɩ Iran (Na-koambg la Turks wã n ti rɩk Muhammad Kazim Khurasani, Ishtakhaniyya, Faraghina la Ushrusaniyya sodaare sul-biisa) bɩɩ Afriki Wĩn-dɩtgo (North Africa) (wala Maghariba). Ba ne b sẽn nong n boond b tɩ Mamluk yɛm-sodaasa, b rɩglgo bɩ yasr da yaa zãnde; b taor ramba kẽer da tara Soldia ramb na-biilim gom-zugu.

Tẽnga da lebga mɩ n kẽng taoore paas Moeemb taor-sõba al-Mutawakkil kiblri. Bãmb n da maan teegre t b mẽ na-zags sẽn ka zug wʋsgo. Zagsa kẽer la al-Mutawakkiliyya, nɩ Samarra Miisri Sẽn Tar Piuugu (Ãnglindi: the Great Mosque of Samarra). A le mẽ na-zak bedre t'a yʋʋr boond tɩ Bulkuwara n kõ a bi-rib-roagdga, al-Mu'tazz.

Samarra da paa moeemb taor-sõba vɩɩm zĩiga bɩ a zaka hal n t ta 892, tɩ Al-Mu'tadid ya n lebg n wa Baghdad. Tẽn-bedra maana poorẽ lebre la a pa yolemde hal ti ta yʋʋm kobr piiginga sĩngre.

Samarra bɩɩ Sāmarrā ya galʋ tẽnga m'be Iraq.A be yaanga ni Tigris banka m'be Saladin Governorate,a be kilometr 125 (75 mi) rɩtgo baobgo ne Baghdad. Samarra tẽnga da sɩnga ni ned ning yʋʋre m boond Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutasim ni a sodaase n dag ya Turkish sodaase sõdge n na ta 3,000 tɩ b waoogre na ta tus piig la zaka.Yʋʋmde 2003 pugin,tenga nin-buiidu sõdg dag yika 348,700.Wakat ninga Iraq ramba n dag zabda, Samarra dag be "Sunni Triangle"zãdgre.

Yʋʋm kobre piig la a nii (18th century) sasa pʋge, zabd-n-taare nins sẽn tũ ne pãnga yembre b 1730-1735 Ottoman-Persia tãb-kaoora sasa, zabr nina b sẽn bool tɩ Battle of Samarra wã, zabamɩ t Turks nɩ Persia ramb neb wala tus-anu kong b vɩɩm. Zabr kang sard rɩkre n kɩ t Ottoman Iraq - dẽ n yaa Iraq pʋɩɩr sẽn lebg Ottoman ramba rẽnda - ra ya be Istanbul kiblrĩ hal tɩ ta First World War sasa.

Samarra wa n paama sʋgemr paalle yʋʋm kobr pishi (Ãnglindi: 20th century) sasa pʋge, b sẽn wa tu ko-kãsenga bɩ bãg-ma sẽn yʋʋr ya Lake Tharthar wã. B da tuu bãg-ma wã sasa nin b sẽn da mẽed Samarra Barrage wã, bala, d na gɩdge bɩ n gõoge wɛ Baghdad ko-ruka. Kʋɩlga da visga tẽng-n-biisa wʋsg t woto wã kɩ t Samarra nin-buiida fɩɩge.

Samarra ya tẽn-bedre kẽenga n be Saladin Governorate sẽn ya Sunni Triangle wã pʋdre ziig nĩnga soog-m-menga zabrba sẽn da lagemd Iraq War wakata.

Ba ne Samarra yʋʋra yii a sẽn tar Shi'a sit-soama n t rɩk n paas Shi'a limaam ramb yaada, tẽnga da tara Sunni Arab ramb wʋsg hal nɩ pẽ-pẽ rũnda

1. ^ UNESCO, Samarra Archaeological City, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/276
2. ^ SAAO
3. ^ Stanley A. Freed, "Research Pitfalls as a Result of the Restoration of Museum Specimens", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 376, The Research Potential of Anthropological Museum Collections, pages 229–245, December 1981. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb28170.x.
4. UNESCO names World Heritage Sites. BBC News. 2007-06-28. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
5. ^ Mari, 80–1 (Arabic), 71–2 (Latin)
6. ^ "The Appointment in Samarra" (as retold by W. Somerset Maugham [1933]).
7. ^ John O'Hara, Appointment in Samarra, Harcourt, Brace & Co., . L., "The Destined Hour" in From Many Times and Lands (London, 1953); reprinted in Every Poem Tells a Story: A Collection of Stories in Verse, ed. Raymond Wilson (London, 1988; ISBN 0-670-82086-5 / 0-670-82086-5).
8. Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (1995). "Samarra". The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250-1800. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300064650
9. Mari, 80–1 (Arabic), 71–2 (Latin)
10. Thomas E. Ricks (6 January 2010). The Gamble: General Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 228. ISBN 978-1-101-19206-1.
11. "Explosion Topples Minarets At Iraqi Shi'ite Shrine". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2015-08-22.
12. John F. Burns; Jon Elsen (2007-06-14). "Several Mosques Attacked, but Iraq Is Mostly Calm - New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-08-22.
13. Qassim Abdul-Zahra (June 13, 2007). "Iraqi police say famous shrine attacked". Associated Press
14. "Blast hits key Iraq Shia shrine". BBC. 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
15. Hassan, Ghazwan (5 June 2014). "Iraq dislodges insurgents from city of Samarra with airstrikes". Reuters. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
16. The Appointment in Samarra" (as retold by W. Somerset Maugham [1933]).
17. John O'Hara, Appointment in Samarra, Harcourt, Brace & Co., . L., "The Destined Hour" in From Many Times and Lands (London, 1953); reprinted in Every Poem Tells a Story: A Collection of Stories in Verse, ed. Raymond Wilson (London, 1988; ISBN 0-670-82086-5 / 0-670-82086-5).

• Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Series 7: Records of Samarra Expeditions, 1906–1945 Smithsonian Institution, Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives, Washington, D.C.
• Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Series 7: Records of Samarra Expeditions, 1906–1945 Collections Search Center, S.I.R.I.S., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
• Iraq Image - Samarra Satellite Observation
• Samarra Archaeological Survey
• "The Appointment in Samarra"
• Destruction of Askari Mosque
• Samarra on Google Earth

1. ↑ "Orta Doğu'da kurulan ilk Türk şehri: Samarra". Fikriyat Gazetesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-06-17.
2. ↑ UNESCO, Samarra Archaeological City, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/276
3. ↑ "Unesco names World Heritage sites". BBC News. 2007-06-28. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
4. ↑ Stanley A. Freed, "Research Pitfalls as a Result of the Restoration of Museum Specimens", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 376, The Research Potential of Anthropological Museum Collections, pages 229–245, December 1981. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb28170.x.