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Haenyeo

Pãasé tõke
Soolge Wikipidiya
Pagb sẽn yaa Haenyeo rãmb sẽn yeelg b sẽn maand b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã ne zĩm-gãosgo la b sẽn maand bũmb nins sẽn tõe n kɩt tɩ b lʋɩ koomẽ wã
Haenyeo
tradition
McCune-Reischauer romanizationHaenyŏ Tekre
Revised RomanizationHaenyeo Tekre
CountrySouth Korea Tekre
Located in the administrative territorial entityJeju Island Tekre
Country of originSouth Korea Tekre
Intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, National Intangible Cultural Heritage in South Korea Tekre
Described at URLhttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01068, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01068, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01068, https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=17&ccebAsno=01320000&sCcebCtcd=ZZ&pageIndex=1&ccebKdcd=17&ccebCtcd=, https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?ccbaCpno=127ZZ01320000 Tekre

Haenyeo (b leb n gʋlsda a haenyo) (hãngl: 해녀; sẽn yaa "po-poak pagba") yaa pagb sẽn kẽed koom-koglgã pʋgẽ, Koore-Dĩng soolmã Jeju soolmẽ wã. B sẽn paamd b yõor yõor yaa b sẽn paamd koom-koglg buud toor-toore, koom-kogend la bõn-buud a taab sẽn be ko-kãsengã pʋgẽ. B sẽn boond-b tɩ Haenyeo wã yaa Jeju zak rãmb sẽn yaa neb sẽn pa tar b mens ye.[1][2]

Tʋʋm-kãsems

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The traditional outfit and tools for Sõr-wilgda:Transliteration displayed at a museum in Jeju

Naoor wʋsgo, kom-bɩɩsã sɩngame n zãmsd b mens n boond tɩ Haenyeo b sẽn wa n tar yʋʋm 11. Sẽn sɩng ne koom sẽn pa zãadã, karen-biisã kẽnda zĩ-zĩis sẽn yaa toog n yɩɩd pʋsẽ. Yʋʋm a yopoe la a sẽn zãms-a wã poore, b ra getẽ tɩ yaa "tõnd sẽn zems zãng" la a yaa Haenyeo.[3] Rũndã-rũndã, Haenyeo sẽn tar yʋʋm 80 n yɩɩd yaa sẽn yɩɩd yʋʋm 66 la b be koomẽ.[4]

Sẽn yaa to-to fãa, Haenyeo tʋʋm-teedã yaa yel-bũud sẽn yaa wa ne koom-koglg, koom-koglgã maasmẽ, nug-bõoneg, nug-biis[5], kug-koglg sẽn yaa wa b sẽn na n sõng-b tɩ b kẽ koom-koglem pʋgẽ, la zĩm sẽn be a L-bõone, la b sẽn gãnegd zĩm sẽn yaa b sẽn na yɩl n dɩk koom-kogl n tɩge.[6] A Haenyeo wã zãmsa b zĩm-gãongã zĩ-kãens pʋgẽ hal tɩ b tõog n dɩka b yõor daarã.[7]

A Haenyeo wã sẽn be koomẽ wã bee ne wakat ning b sẽn be wã. Sẽn deng tɩ b ra tõe n dɩk b sẽn na n zãad b koomã, b ra nong n bẽed b sẽn na yɩl n paam koomã, la b ra tõeeme n zãad koomã wakat fãa n kaoos wakat sẽn ta lɛɛr a ye. La sa-wug a ye poore, b yi koomẽ n zĩnd bugumã sɛɛgẽ n gũs n sa. B sã n wa bas koomã, b leb n leb n kẽnga koomẽ n kaoos sa-yend a ye. La yʋʋm-soabẽ, b ra bee koomẽ n pa kaoos n kaoos lɛɛr a tãabo. A Haenyeo sẽn wa n dɩkd b sẽn na n dɩkd koomã n na n dɩk b sẽn na yɩl n paam koomã, a bãngame tɩ b tõe n zĩnda koomẽ n kaoos lɛɛr a nu bɩ a yoob wakat fãa, baa sẽoogẽ.[8]

B sã n wa n kẽed koomẽ, b tõe n kẽe n kẽe zĩig sẽn zãre n ta mɛtɛɛr 30 n tõog n yõk b nɩm n yɩɩd minit a tãab.[9][10] B tigsda b sẽn tigimdã: bẽedã, bẽedgã, bẽdgã, b bẽedg sẽn yaa bẽedga, bẽdg sẽn yaa bĩisgã, b sẽn yaa b bẽdga, b b bẽdgga, b sẽn boond tɩ sargazum, bẽdb la bẽdgo, bẽdsgã, b sãn-bẽdga.[11][12][13][14][15][16] A sẽn yaa a Zezi karen-biisã, a Zezi ra yaa nin-buiidã.[17][18]

Kibsa

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Jeju sẽn kẽed ne koomã koglg wakat yɩɩ yʋʋmd 434 sẽn looge.[19] Sɩngrẽ wã, pagb n da yaa gãndb bal n da tʋmd koomẽ wã.[20] A Zezi sẽn yeel tɩ pagbã yaa b sẽn kẽed n kẽed koomẽ wã, b wilgame tɩ b yaa "rãmba".[21]

Museum diorama of Sõr-wilgda:Transliteration resting by the fire after finishing their work for the day

Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 18 soabã tɛka, pagb sẽn da lʋɩt koomẽ wã, b sẽn boond tɩ haenyeo wã ra yɩɩd pagb sẽn da kẽed koomẽ wã.[22] Bũmb toor-toor n tõe n sõng-d tɩ d bãng rẽ. Wala makre, yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 17 soabã pʋgẽ, pagb wʋsg ki-la koom-koglgã pʋgẽ zabr yĩnga, wall zĩ-yũudg sẽn maan koom-koglg pʋgẽ.[23] A leb n wilgda rẽ tɩ pagbã tara yĩn-kãsems sẽn yaa kãsenga n yɩɩd rao wã, n kɩt tɩ b tõe n tʋm koom sẽn yaa yɩlemdã pʋgẽ.[24] Yʋʋmd 18th yʋʋm-gĩndẽ sebr a ye wilgame tɩ b ra tara yõor yaood ne b sẽn da pa tar kamb n kõ-ba. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ pag wʋsg kẽed koom-koglgã pʋgẽ tɩ b pa tar bi-ribl ye.[25]

La b sẽn wa n maandẽ wã, b ra yaa pagb n da maandẽ. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yʋʋmd 1910 wã, Japon nebã sẽn wa n kolõg Kore wã poore, b ra maanda woto.[26][27][28] Sẽn tãag masã, b ra kõda a Zeova bũmb wʋsg sẽn paam a Zeova wã.[29] La Japan nebã sẽn wa n dɩka b naam wã, b basa kʋdemdã, n kɩt tɩ b ra tõe n koos b zĩm-gãongã n paam ligd ye.[30] Sẽn paase, Japõn ne Kore kom-bõondb ra rɩkda a haenyeo t'a tʋm b tʋʋmdã Japan la Kore soolmẽ wã, n paas b ligd zu-loeesã wʋsgo. Yeonpyeong-ri, sẽn be Incheon tẽng zug n be n tʋmdẽ, b sã n da wa yaoodẽ, b ra yaa zak ligd sẽn yaa 40 n ta 48% n yɩɩd zak zak fãa sẽn paamd ligd ye. [31] A Jeju wã sẽn da yaa tẽng ning sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd a taabã, a Zeova Kaset rãmbã me ra ket n beẽ n getẽ. Wala makre, yʋʋmd 1960 wã sɩngrẽ, Haenyeo tigisgã ra tara Jeju zĩm-gãong ligd sẽn yaa 60%, la a sɩdã sẽn yaa haenyeo wã pa tar tʋʋm ye.[32][33]

Neb wʋsg sẽn pa tar bũmbu

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Wala pĩnd wẽndẽ buud-goam wʋsg sẽn maan bũmb ninsã, b sẽn maan koom-koglgã wã me lebga tigimsã. Yʋʋmd 1960 wã tɛka, Kore goosneema wã baoo sor n na n kɩt tɩ tẽngã arzɛkã pãng paas tẽns a taabã pʋsẽ. A Jeju pa zĩig sẽn zems tɩ b me tigimsã ye. Rẽ n so tɩ Kore goosneema wã yãk yam n na n lebg mandarẽndorã tẽn-naandg zĩigã. Yʋʋmd 1969 wã, tẽn-tẽngã tʋmtʋmdb wʋsg ra kẽe tʋʋm-kãngã pʋgẽ. Sẽn paase, Jeju tẽngã sẽn yaa a 2 wã pʋga, b ra rɩt n na n bɩɩsa mandarin-a-laandã. Yʋʋmd 1970 wã, goosneema wã sɩngame n na n paas a Jeju tẽn-kãnga sẽn yaa tẽn-kaoodb la b sẽn tʋmd n getẽ wã. Yʋʋmd 1978 wã, tẽn-gãongã siglgã siglgã sigla ra yaa tẽn-gãong sẽn yɩɩd fãa.[34]

Vẽnegr kãngã fãa talla pãn-tusdg sẽn yaa kãseng ne a Zeova nin-buiidã. B sẽn da kõ-b tʋʋm toor-toor sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tʋm tʋʋm nins sẽn pa nana wã, pagb basa koom-koglgã tʋʋm wʋsg.[35] Yʋʋm a nu wã sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1965 n tãag yʋʋmd 1970 wã pʋgẽ, b sẽn da wa n yaa neb 23,081 n wa n lebga neb 14,143 wã.[36] Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn pa mi b sẽn na n vɩɩmd ne b kambã, b pa tõe n paam n paam n zãms b kambã ye. :[37][38] 2350 Yʋʋmd 1970 wã, b sẽn da tar yʋʋm 30 bɩ sẽn pa ta wã, b sõor da yaa 31%, b sõor dag n yaa 55 ne b sõor sẽn be yʋʋm 30 n tɩ ta 49 la b sõor ra yaa 14% bal n da tar yʋʋm 50 bɩ sẽn pa to wã. Yʋʋmd 2014 wã, sẽn yɩɩd yʋʋm 50 wã, yaa 98% n beẽ. [39]

D sẽn be dũniyã pʋgẽ wã

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Bala, zak wʋsg ra teegda haenyeo wã b sẽn da paamd ligd wʋsg pʋgẽ wã yĩnga, b ra tara kom-bɩɩs sẽn yaa b rãmba n get a Jeju wã yelle.[40][41] Zĩis-kãense sẽn be Jeju kʋɩlgã zug, wala Mara tẽn-kɩtbã, b sẽn da get koom-koglgã sẽn yaa b sẽn da paamd ligd n yɩɩd b taabã, b ra tõe n maana b sẽn da segd n maan to-to wã fãa. Rãmba ra geta b kambã yell n maand teed tɩ b ra maand teed tɩ pagba me ra paam ligd n kõ b zakã rãmb.[42] A Jeju zãma wã yɛl kẽer n wilgd tɩ b yaa nin-buiidã n kõt pʋg-paalã zakã rãmb waoogr yaoodo (b sẽn maan woto wã sẽn na yɩl n kɩt tɩ b maan b toorẽ la b maan b taabã waoogrã) la b maandẽ kom-bɩɩs waoogr n paas kom-bõonegã rogem yĩnga.[43][44]

Baa ne bũmb kẽer sẽn be b sẽn da yaa b rãmb sʋka, b sẽn wa n be Jeju wã pa tõog n tõog n tõog a Konfutsi wã ye. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ sã n da yaa tẽng zugẽ wã, Jeju nebã ra pa wõnd Kore soolmẽ wã ye. Wala makre, rao wã ra tara zu-sobend ning fãa sẽn da yaa politikã taoor dãmbã, la yaa bãmb bal n da tõe n maan yaab-rãmbã waoogr waoogrã, la b paam paoong la b rog-n-taag pʋɩɩr. Sẽn paase, kolonialã wakatẽ, a haenyeo kell n yaa kom-bõoneg rãmba, n da wa n lebg kom-bɩɩsã zu-soab bɩ koom-koglg teed taoor lʋɩtb ye.[45] Baa zagsã pʋgẽ, a Haenyeo ra ket n yaa a sẽn get a zakã yell n sõngd-a wã.[46]

Rũndã-rũndã, b geta a ye wã wa a Jeju arzɛkã sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩd a taabã. Kom-bɩɩsã sẽn yaa kom-bɩɩsã sẽn yaa kom -bɩɩs rãmbã sẽn yaa komã rãmb n tʋmd ne b tẽnsã wã, b sẽn maan b sẽn tõe fãa n paam n paam n kõ b tẽnsã la b sẽn tõe n paam n koosd b tẽnsã. Sẽn paase, yʋʋmd 2014 tʋʋlg kiuugã, goosneema wã kosa UNESCO t'a paas a haenyeo a nin-buiidã sẽn pa tar bũmb ning sẽn tõe n paam n paam n vɩɩmd tẽngã zugã lisgu.[47][48] A Haenyeo kẽnga UNESCO sẽn gʋlsd bũmb nins sẽn pa tar yõodã sẽn pa tar yõodo yʋʋmd 2016 wã pʋgẽ, la a lebgda Koore-Dĩngr buud-gomd sẽn pa tar pãnga yʋʋmd 2017 wã pʋgẽ.

Galeri wã

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Tẽngã nebã sẽn da nongã

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  • My Mother, the Mermaid - Yʋʋmd 2004 wã filim sẽn gomd ma (a sẽn da yaa haenyeo) ne a bi-pugli yelle.
  • Tamra, the Island - Yʋʋmd 2009 wã, televiziõ wã pʋga, sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 17 soabã pʋgẽ, tɩ b sẽn na n wilg tɩ b yaa nin-soabã, b na n yɩɩ a Haenyeo
  • Swallow the Sun - Yʋʋmd 2009 wã, b ra wilga tele-video rãmb sẽn wilgd tɩ b sẽn na n maan bũmb ningã yaa sẽn na n yɩ-a wã.
  • Haenyeo: Women of the Sea - A sẽn yaa yʋʋm 82, a sẽn ket n yaa sodaas sẽn be Haenyeo wã, a Chewar Park yell filim sẽn be yʋʋmd 2013 wã. A sẽn vaees a vɩɩmã la a sẽn da maana to-to wã, a Park wilga a sẽn pa tol n maan to-to hal yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã poor.
  • My Neighbour, Charles - 2015, episode 24, 25, la 26 (dokumentar TV serials); Japõnd ned sẽn yi tẽn-zẽnga sẽn na n lebg Haenyeo
  • Canola - 2016 film ning sẽn na n sõng-a t'a Youn Yuh-jung lebg nin-kẽem a ye
  • Our Blues - Yʋʋmd 2022 wã, Korea nebã raab n wilgd tʋʋmda sẽn be yʋʋm toor-toore sʋka.
  • Episode 1 yaa South Korea: Earth's Hidden Wilderness, BBC 2018, b sẽn tar kareng sẽn wilgd tɩ b tõe n maan koom-koglgã n kõ b sẽn tar yʋʋm 94, la b sõsa ne ned sẽn tar yʋʋm 94
  • White Chrysanthemum, A Mary Lynn Bracht sẽn yaa Korea-Amerika gʋlsd a ye yʋʋm 2018 soabã noob sẽn wilgd tɩ Japan sodaasã rɩka a Haenyeo n kõ-a sũ-noog zabr a yiib-n-soabã sasa.
  • The Island of Sea Women, A Lisa See sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 2019 wã pʋgẽ, a goma a yiib sẽn da yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã zo-rãmb la b vɩɩmã yelle, Zapõ rãmb sẽn da be Korɛɛ wã zabr wakate.
  • Soft Sounds from Another Planet - a 2017 Japan Breakfast album sẽn gomd Jeju-do yelle, la a tũnugda ne haenyeo wa makr, sẽn yɩɩd fãa yɩɩl ning sẽn yaa "Diving Woman".
  • Endings - A Celine Song sẽn maan yʋʋm 2018/2019 wã pʋgẽ, a sẽn wilgd a Haenyeo sẽn kʋʋl a tãabo, la a gomda zak, tẽn-kʋdgã la filimã yelle. A yɩɩla a sẽn da wa n na n yɩɩdã n na n zĩnd Boston American Repertory Theatre wã yʋʋmd 2019 tʋʋlg kiuugã pʋgẽ. [1] A yɩɩla ne a sẽn na n yɩɩ New York Theatre Workshop sẽn be Broadway wã yʋʋmd 2020 tʋʋlgẽ wã.
  • Three Moons of Biyangdo, A sẽn yi n na n yiis yʋʋmd 2022 wã, yaa kaset kaset a tãabo sẽn gomd kom-bi-pogs a tãabo a Kyung-Mi, a Geum-Mi la a Jeong-Mi yelle. B sẽn tar yʋʋm 60 wã, b yaa b yagensã a ye. Dɩt-gʋlsd: Lucy McIntosh ne a Jon Cleave. A Jon Cleave ne a Jay Kim n yiisd filimã.
  • A Kim Sunja sẽn yaa bi-bɩɩgã, a tʋmda a Pachinko wã tʋʋm-teedã pʋgẽ.

Ges-y me

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  • Ama (sẽn kẽed koomã pʋgẽ) -  Japanese sẽn kẽed koomã pʋgẽ n baood pir
  • Skandalopetra diving  ⁇  Sãn yaa ne kug sẽn tar zɩɩb b sẽn gãneg ne wĩir n tall n dʋʋg koomã
  • Kore nin-buiidã

Sebr ning sẽn pʋgdã

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  • A leb n gʋlsda woto: haenyo

Sebtiise

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  • Traditional manufacturing of children’s wooden toys in Hrvatsko Zagorje: UNESCO
  1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_Zw5pNRB9U
  2. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6XDN_VA-m0
  3. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  4. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
  5. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opRhZPk6ZoE
  6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
  7. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
  8. ↑ https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/cElFBvPqwjc
  9. ↑ https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/cElFBvPqwjc
  10. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  12. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
  13. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html
  14. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  15. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2011.07.013
  16. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
  17. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
  18. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20091021015506/http://geocities.com/TheTropics/3234/haenyo.html
  19. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  20. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  21. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  22. ↑ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhes/17/1/17_001/_pdf
  23. ↑ https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331
  24. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  25. ↑ https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331
  26. ↑ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhes/17/1/17_001/_pdf
  27. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html
  28. ↑ https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110182301
  29. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  30. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  31. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  32. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  33. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html
  34. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  35. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  36. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  37. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  38. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2011.07.013
  39. ↑ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhes/17/1/17_001/_pdf
  40. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
  41. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  42. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
  43. ↑ https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331
  44. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140814180843/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=260918
  45. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
  46. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
  47. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
  48. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html

Zems-n-taase

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  • Culture+Travel zʋrnallã gomda Jeju-do haenyeo wã yelle
  • v
  • t
  • e

UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural

Heritage of Humanity/Asia and Pacific

  • v
  • t
  • e

Underwater diving 

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