Anisoptera

Sympetrum flaveolum

Animalia — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta
Subclassis : Pterygota
Infraclassis : Palaeoptera (disputata)
Superordo : Odonatoptera
Ordo : Odonata
Subordo : Anisoptera
Selys, 1854^[1]

Palaeontologia

Carboniferous–recent

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Subdivisiones: Familiae

* Aeshnoidea

^$ gregem paraphyleticos indicat.

Anisoptera (a vocabulis Graecis ἄνισος 'inaequalis' + πτερόν 'ala'^[2]) sunt unus ex binis subordinibus insectorum ordinis Odonatorum. Zygopteris, insectis alius ordinis Odonatorum, similes sunt, quamquam maiora, corporibus gravioribus, et multae species requiescentes alas procul a corpore tollunt, zygopteris enim dissimilia, quae alas iuxta corpus plicare solent.

Phylogenia

Anisoptera et eorum cognati sunt grex antiquus. Veterrima fossilia Protodonata repraesentant, ex Carbonifero superiori, abhinc annorum 326 million in Europa, qui grex Meganeuropsim permianam comprehendit, maximum insectum quod umquam vixit, ex Permiano ineunte, cui erat latitudo alarum circiter 750 millimetra.^[3]

Anisoptera

Gomphidae

	Austropetaliidae

	Aeshnoidea

	Petaluridae

Macromiidae

Libelluloidea

	Neopetaliidae

	Cordulegastridae

Libellulidae

"Corduliidae" [non cladus]

Synthemistidae

Chlorogomphidae

Distributio et diversitas

Circiter 3012 species anisopterorum anno 2010 descriptae sunt, quae in 348 genera in 11 familiis digerebantur. Distributio diversitatis intra regiones biogeographicas infra perscribuntur.^[4]

Familia	Orientales	Neotropica	Australasia	Afrotropica	Palaearctica	Nearctica	Oceania	Mundus
Aeshnidae	149	129	78	44	58	40	13	456
Austropetaliidae		7	4					11
Petaluridae		1	6		1	2		10
Gomphidae	364	277	42	152	127	101		980
Chlorogomphidae	46				5			47
Cordulegastridae	23	1			18			46
Neopetaliidae		1						1
Corduliidae	23	20	33	6	18	51	12	154
Libellulidae	192	354	184	251	120	105	31	1037
Macromiidae	50	2	17	37	7	10		125
Synthemistidae			37				9	46
Incertae sedis	37	24	21	15	2			99

Notae

*Meganeura monyi,* praegrandis Carboniferi superioris proavus, latitudinem alarum circiter 680 millimetra attigit.^[5] Museum Tolosanum.

*Mesurupetala,* anisopterum ex Iurassico exeunte (aevo Tithoniano) in calce generis Solnhofen in Germania.

Nonnullae *Pantalae flavescentes* per earum migrationem.

↑ Selys-Longchamps, E. (1854). Monographie des caloptérygines. t.9e. Brussels and Leipzig: C. Muquardt. pp. 1–291 [1–2]
↑ Quia ala posterior alae anteriori latior est.
↑ Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (22 July 2009). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. p. 722. ISBN 978-0-08-092090-0 .
↑ Suhling, F.; Sahlén, G.; Gorb, S.; Kalkman, V.J.; Dijkstra, K-D.B.; van Tol, J. (2015). "Order Odonata". In Thorp, James; Rogers, D. Christopher. Ecology and general biology. Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (4 ed.). Academic Press. pp. 893–932. ISBN 9780123850263 .
↑ The Biology of Dragonflies. CUP Archive. 2018-10-13. p. 324 .

Bibliographia

Berger, Cynthia. 2004. Dragonflies. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-2971-0. Editio interretialis.
Corbet, Phillip S. 1999.Dragonflies: Behavior and Ecology of Odonata. Ithacae Novi Eboraci: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-2592-9.
Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B. 2006. Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain and Europe. British Wildlife Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9531399-4-1.
Garrison, Rosser W., Natalia von Ellenrieder, et Jerry A. Louton. Damselfly genera of the New World: an illustrated and annotated key to the Zygoptera. Baltimorae Terrae Mariae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801896705, ISBN 0801896703.
Meister, Cari. 2001. Dragonflies. ABDO. ISBN 978-1-57765-461-2. Editio interretialis. Pagina 16.
Paulson, Dennis. 2009. Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3294-1. Google Books.
Powell, Dan. 1999. A Guide to the Dragonflies of Great Britain. Arlequin Press. ISBN 978-1-900-15901-2.
Selys-Longchamps, Edmond de. 1854. Monographie des caloptérygines. Bruxellis et Lipsiae: C. Muquardt. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.60461. Editio interretialis.
Trueman, John W. H., et Richard J. Rowe. 2009. "Odonata." Tree of Life.
Wildermuth, H., Y. Gonseth, et A. Maibach. 2005. "Odonata: Die Libellen der Schweiz." Fauna Helvetica 12. ISBN 2-88414-024-7.