Ẓeṛ aɣbalu n Tussit

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Tzemreḍ ad twaliḍ u txedmeḍ alsaru n uɣbalu n usebter-agi:
{{databox}}
'''Azzelgi''' neɣ '''tussit''' neɣ '''inflwenza''' d [[aṭṭan]] [[aṭṭan amanṭaṭ|amanṭaṭ]] igellu-d yis [[Orthomyxoviridae|uvirus n tussit]]<ref name="WHO2014" />. [[Asken|Isekna]] n tussit zemren ad ilin fsus-it neɣ d uzmiren (ujhiden)<ref name="CDC2014Key">[http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm "Key Facts about Influenza (Flu) & Flu Vaccine"]. ''cdc.gov''. 9 September 2014. Yettwaẓra deg uzmez n 26 Wamber 2014. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428131225/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm |date=28 yebrir 2019}}</ref>. Isekna ayyi gan d [[tusut]], [[azzug n ugerjum]], [[tazzla n yinzaren]], [[takma tamaẓwalt]], [[tawla]], [[amaẓla]] d [[Atmelli|utmelli]]. Di tuget n tegnatin, isekna-ayi d wid i d-yettneflalin seld n sin n wussan seg tefsert ar uvirus d unekcum-is ɣer [[tafekka|tfekka]] w ad ṭṭfen azal n 7 n wussan i wakken ad kksen, maca tusut tezmer ad teṭṭef ugar n 15 n wussan<ref name="WHO2014" />. Ɣer warrac meẓẓiyen yezmer ad yeglu ula s [[amuktu|umuktu]] d [[tiririt (aṭṭan)|yiriran]] maca isekna-ayi ur d-ttilin ara ɣer yimedanen imeqranen 

[[Tamukrist (tasnujjya)|Timukrisin]] n tussit gant d: azzug n turin, azzug abektir n turin d unerni n wuguren idawsanen am [[aneggaf|uneggaf]] d [[abrir wul|yibriren n wul]].<ref name="CDC2014Key" /><ref name="Harr2012" />

== Isragen (ssebbat) ==
Llant 3 n telmas n ivirusen n tussit ttaɣent amdan, tilmas-a gant d: '''Talmest A''', '''Talmest B''', '''Talmest C'''.<ref name="Harr2012">Longo، Dan L. (2012). "187: Influenza". ''Harrison's principles of internal medicine.'' (taẓrigt 18th). New York: McGraw-Hill. [[Uṭṭun_agreɣlan_ameslugen_i_wedlis|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[uslig:BookSources/9780071748896|9780071748896]].</ref>Ivirusen-a d wid yettenfufuden s [[azwu|wezwu]] d [[tusut]] d [[anezzu|unezzu]].<ref name="WHO2014" /> aladɣa mi ara ad ilin seg yistumen gezzilen neɣ meẓẓiyen.<ref name="Brankston2007">Brankston G، Gitterman L، Hirji Z، Lemieux C، Gardam M (April 2007). "Transmission of influenza A in human beings". ''Lancet Infect Dis''. 7 (4): 257–65. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17376383 17376383]. [[Tamusni n  taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2807%2970029-4 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70029-4]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502073850/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17376383 |date=05 2yennayer }}</ref>, Akken yezmer ad yenfufed s tuṭsa (anali) n tiggiwin yummsen s uvirus sin akin ad tili tuṭsa n yimi neɣ n wallen.<ref name="CDC2014Key" /><ref name="Brankston2007" />. Amdan i tuɣ tussit yezmer ad [[igem|yessigem]] (ad yessenṭeṭ) avirus send d seld n teflalit n [[asken|Isekna]] fell-as.<ref name="CDC2014Key" />, Asentem n yigem yezmer ad yili s ukayed n uvirus deg ugerjum, [[alɣuɣ]] neɣ inzaren akken illan iberdan d tirrayin  tiruradin, maca imdanen imi i d-yeffeɣ ukayad-nsen d ibaw zemren ad ilin ddmen igem. Dɣa tella telmest n [[Tasedmirt tanmezrit n Polimiraz|tsedmirt tanmezrit n Polimiraz]] (PCR) id yesnaramen (id ikeccfen) ɣef [[Azeffar aṛibuɣsan|uzeffar aṛibuɣsan]] n uvirus, dɣa akayad-a igan yakk d usdid.<ref name="Harr2012" />

== Taggaẓt d ussuji ==
Asired n yifassen yessedras (yessenqas) seg umihi n [[igem|yigem]] acku avirus yettmettat mi ara ad yessemres (yessexdem) wemdan [[aserrad]].<ref name="WHO2014" /> timelsiwt n  [[anaffar afetkan|unaffar afetkan]] d ayen igerrzen daɣen.<ref name="Mich2013">Michiels، B؛ Van Puyenbroeck, K؛ Verhoeven, V؛ Vermeire, E؛ Coenen, S (2013). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614893 "The value of neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of seasonal influenza: a systematic review of systematic reviews."]. ''PLoS ONE''. 8 (4): e60348. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614893 3614893][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23565231 23565231]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060348 10.1371/journal.pone.0060348]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502082123/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23565231 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>, [[Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa]] tessmagel (tweṣṣa) s [[agzay|wegzay neɣ acraṭ]] amseggas (n yal aseggas) mgal tussit i wid yettwafesren i yimihiyen meqqren. [[Tigezt]] d tin yettilin d tamellilt mgal 3 neɣ 3 n telmas n tussit.<ref name="Jeff2011">Jefferson T، Del Mar CB، Dooley L، d wid iden. (2011). "Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses". ''Cochrane Database Syst Rev'' (7): CD006207. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21735402 21735402]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD006207.pub4 10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub4]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502062059/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21735402 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>

===[[Tigezt|Acraṭ]]===
[[Tugna:Defense.gov News Photo 041028-N-9864S-021.jpg|thumb|Agzay (acraṭ) mgal tussit]]

[[Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa]] d [[Ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣilt ɣef waṭṭanen|Ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣilt ɣef waṭṭanen]] ssmetren (weṣṣan)<nowiki/> s [[Tigezt n tussit|wecraṭ mgal tussit]] i yimdanen yettwafesren i wmihi am warrac meẓẓiyen d yimɣaṛen d yixeddaen deg tɣult n tasnujjya d wid ilan (yesɛan) [[aṭṭan yezgan|aṭṭanen imezrayen]] am [[aneggaf|uneggaf]] d wuguren wul. Ma d imdanen imawaṭen izemren yettili-d ucraṭ ɣur-sen d amellil cwiyya deg usedres n [[asken|yisekna]] yettemcabin agla n tussit, Dɣa anzaten (ttbut) ttɣananen tadersi deg yisig n tussit ɣer igerdan yugaren sin n iseggasen. Ɣer wid-ak  yettnegririfen (iɛetben) seg wecraṭ itekksasen cwiya waṭṭan n wergal aberfaw maca ur yiban ara ma iy tekkes [[aneggaf]].<ref>{{amnir n web|azwel=Vaccine use|akala=http://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/use/en/|amahil=World Health Organization|azmez n tuwwṭa=6 December 2012| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190418163900/https://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/use/en/ | azmez n ufaylu = 18 yebrir 2019 }}</ref><ref name=cdcreport>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smith NM, Bresee JS, Shay DK, Uyeki TM, Cox NJ, Strikas RA | azwel = Prevention and Control of Influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)| aɣmis = [[MMWR Recomm Rep]]| amaddad = 55| amdan = RR–10| tasniwin = 1–42|azmez=July 2006| pmid = 16874296| akala = http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5510.pdf| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502235146/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5510.pdf | azmez n ufaylu = 2 mayu 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|aneggar=Cates|amezwar=CJ|amaskar2=Rowe, BH|azwel=Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma.| aɣmis=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|azmez=28 February 2013|amaddad=2|tasniwin=CD000364|pmid=23450529|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000364.pub4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Jefferson T, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C, Demicheli V, Ferroni E |azwel=Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children |aɣmis=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |amaddad=8 |amdan= |tasniwin=CD004879 |aseggas=2012 |pmid=22895945 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|aneggar1=Jefferson|amezwar1=T|aneggar2=Di Pietrantonj|amezwar2=C|aneggar3=Rivetti|amezwar3=A|aneggar4=Bawazeer|amezwar4=GA|aneggar5=Al-Ansary|amezwar5=LA|aneggar6=Ferroni|aneggar6=E|azwel=Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults.|aɣmis=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|azmez=13 March 2014|amaddad=3|tasniwin=CD001269|pmid=24623315|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|aneggar=Thomas|الأول=RE|amaskar2=Jefferson, T |amaskar3=Lasserson, TJ |azwel=Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who care for people aged 60 or older living in long-term care institutions.|aɣmis=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|azmez=22 July 2013|amaddad=7|tasniwin=CD005187|pmid=23881655|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005187.pub4}}</ref>

== Amezruy n tussit ==
Deg yal aseggas, tussit tettenfufud deg tamiwin n umadal yakk. Ayen id igellun s 3 ar 5 n imelyan n tegnatin tinamsadin (qessiḥen) d wazal n 200,000 ar 500,000 n tegnatin n [[timekkest|tmekkest]] (lmut).<ref name="WHO2014">[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/ "Influenza (Seasonal) Fact sheet N°211"]. ''who.int''. March 2014. Yettwaẓra deg wezmez n 25 Wamber 2014. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421060025/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/ |date=21 yebrir 2018}}</ref>, deg tamiwin tigafanin d tinaẓulin ttilin-d isefrurten deg [[tagrest|tegrest]] s talɣa tagejdant ma deg yideggan isbegsanen d tamiwin id yezzin ttilin-d deg yal akud n useggas.<ref name="WHO2014" />, Timekkest (lmut) tettili-d gar idrasen n ilemẓiyen ilan (yesɛan) uguren deg tdawsa-nsen d yimɣaren meqqren .<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="Harr2012" />, deg [[Tasut tis 20|tsut tis 20]] lfant-d (ḍrant-d) 3 n [[arwas n tussit|yirwasen n tussit]]: * '''[[Tussit Taspenyulit]]''' deg useggas n [[1918]] yegla-d s 50 n tmekkisin, * '''Tussit n Asya''' deg useggas n [[1957]] tegla-d s sin n imelyan n tmekkisin, * '''Tussit n Hong Kong''' deg useggas n [[1968]] tegla-d s umelyun n tmekkisin.<ref name="TenThings">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091008223707/http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic10things/en/index.html "Ten things you need to know about pandemic influenza"]. World Health Organization. 14 October 2005. Yettwaɣbeṛ seg [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic10things/en/index.html aẓaṛ] في 8 October 2009. Yettwaẓra deg 26 ctember 2009. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902135238/http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic10things/en/index.html |date=02 ctember 2011}}</ref>. [[Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa]] telɣet-d s usefruret d unfufed n telmest tamaynut n tussit isem-is A / H1N1 id yeglan s [[Arwas n tussit A (H1N1) n 2009]].<ref>World Health Organization. World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/index.html</ref>, Tussit tezmer ad tessemdu w ad taɣ ula deg iɣersiwen am [[ilef|yilfan]] d [[Ayid|iyas]] d [[agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]].<ref>Palmer، S. R. (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=S90mOwgdz9kC&pg=PA332 ''Oxford textbook of zoonoses : biology, clinical practice, and public health control''] (taẓrigt 2.). Oxford u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press. Tasna&nbsp;332. [[Uṭṭun_agreɣlan_ameslugen_n_wedlis|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[uslig:BookSources/9780198570028|9780198570028]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203204306/https://books.google.com/books?id=S90mOwgdz9kC&pg=PA332 |date=03 dujamber 2016}}</ref>[[Tugna:Influenza.webm|thumb|upright=1.3|assegzi n uvidyu]]

== [[Asken|Isekna]] d yizmal ==
[[Tugna:Symptoms of influenza.svg|thumb|300px|Isekna n tussit yakk d tawla d tusut<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention > Influenza Symptoms] Page last updated 16 November 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2009. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218185208/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms.htm |date=18 dujamber 2016}}</ref> d isekna imezdiyen s waṭas<ref name="pmid15728170" />]]

Azal n 33% n yimdanen i tuɣ tussit ur lin ara (ur sɛan aran) [[Asken|isekna]].<ref name="AmericanJournalEpidemiology2008">[http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/167/7/775.full Time Lines of Infection and Disease in Human Influenza: A Review of Volunteer Challenge Studies], ''American Journal of Epidemiology'', Carrat, Vergu, Ferguson, et al., ''167'' (7): 775–785, 2008. "...&nbsp;In almost all studies, participants were individually confined for 1 week&nbsp;..." See especially [http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/167/7/775/F5.expansion.html Figure 5] which shows that virus shedding tends to peak on day 2 whereas symptoms tend to peak on day 3. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018062437/http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/167/7/775.full |date=18 tuber 2015}}</ref>. Isekna n tussit zemren ad ssemtin (ad bdun) s tugnit (taswiɛt kan) seld n yiwen ar sin n wussan seld n [[igem|yigem]]. Isekna imenza ttilin d [[acittew|aqiccew n weglim]] d ufray s usemmiṭ, maca ula d tawla tettili d timezdit deg wakud imizik n yigem s [[taẓɣelt|tseddart n teẓɣelt]] yettilin gar n 38° ar 39°C. Amur ameqran n imuṭan ttawin-d ussan n tudna-nsen deg wusu s usrag n wagazen deg yakk tamiwin n tfekkiwin-nsen aladɣa deg uzagur d iṭarren.<ref>Suzuki E، Ichihara K، Johnson AM (January 2007). "Natural course of fever during influenza virus infection in children". ''Clin Pediatr (Phila)''. 46 (1): 76–9. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17164515 17164515]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0009922806289588 10.1177/0009922806289588]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502072915/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17164515 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="Merck">[http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec17/ch198/ch198d.html "Influenza: Viral Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition"]. Merck. Yettwaẓra deg wezmez n 15 meɣres 2008. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105083109/http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec17/ch198/ch198d.html |date=05 wamber 2010}}</ref>. Isekna n tussit d wid izemren ad ilin d: 

* [[Tawla]] d [[Targigit|tergigit]]
* [[tusut]]
* [[asekfel n yinzaren]]
* [[tiririt (aṭṭan)|iriran]]
* [[Tazzla n yinzaren]]
* [[Anezzu]]
* [[Agaz amaẓwal]]
* [[Atmelli]]
* [[Amaẓla]]
* [[Imeṭṭ|Imeṭṭawen]]
* [[Tezweɣ (tasenwurit)|Tezweɣ]] <ref name="pmid10476766">Silva ME، Cherry JD، Wilton RJ، Ghafouri NM، Bruckner DA، Miller MJ (August 1999). "Acute fever and petechial rash associated with influenza A virus infection". ''Clinical Infectious Diseases''. 29 (2): 453–4. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10476766 10476766]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F520240 10.1086/520240]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502090213/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10476766 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>
Ar warrac meẓẓiyen, Isekna n tussit ttilin deg [[Anagraw amesgunef|unagraw amesgunef]] am [[tadist (aṭṭan)|beṛṛiṭ]], [[Agaz n wadis]] (Isekna ayyi zemren ad ilin d inamsaden ɣer warrac i tuɣ tussit B.<ref>Kerr AA، McQuillin J، Downham MA، Gardner PS (1975). "Gastric 'flu influenza B causing abdominal symptoms in children". ''Lancet''. 1 (7902): 291–5. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/46444 46444]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2875%2991205-2 10.1016/S0140-6736(75)91205-2]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502084542/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/46444 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="Richards" /><ref>Heikkinen T (July 2006). "Influenza in children". ''Acta Paediatr''. 95 (7): 778–84. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16801171 16801171]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F08035250600612272 10.1080/08035250600612272]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502085033/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16801171 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>
Aserwes (ameyyez) gar n tussit d [[idis (aṭṭan)|yidis]] d win imrayen (iweɛṛen) deg talliyin timezwura n [[azzug|wazzugen-a]]. Tussit d arway n yisekna n yidis d wazzug n turin asemmaṭ d igazen g [[tafekka|tfekka]] d umaẓla d utmelli.<ref name="pmid15728170">Call S، Vollenweider M، Hornung C، Simel D، McKinney W (2005). "Does this patient have influenza?". ''JAMA''. 293 (8): 987–97. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728170 15728170]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.293.8.987 10.1001/jama.293.8.987]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502080627/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728170 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15728170" /><ref name="Richards">Richards S (2005). "Flu blues". ''Nurs Stand''. 20 (8): 26–7. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16295596 16295596]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502090836/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16295596 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref>Hui DS (March 2008). "Review of clinical symptoms and spectrum in humans with influenza A/H5N1 infection". ''Respirology''. 13 Suppl 1: S10–3. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18366521 18366521]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1843.2008.01247.x 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01247.x]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502070940/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18366521 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="Eccles">Eccles، R (2005). "Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza". ''Lancet Infect Dis''. 5 (11): 718–25. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16253889 16253889]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2805%2970270-X 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502074323/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16253889 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>

Mya [[asafar (tasnujya)|isafaren]] inemgalen n ivirusen d imellilen deg usuji n tussit ma ttwafken-d zik, ad yili d axatar i tukza (aɛqal) n tignatin deg wakud imizik. Akken i yezmer i tegrawin n tawla d tusut d wazzug n ugerjum neɣ asekfel n yinzaren ad sselhunt seg tseddi n [[tawessna|twessna]]. Snat n tezrawin sseknen-tt-d d akken s isefrurten idiganen n tussit, isig n unfufed n waṭṭan yettugar 70%.<ref name="pimd12965940">Rothberg M، Bellantonio S، Rose D (2 September 2003). [http://www.annals.org/content/139/5_Part_1/321.full.pdf "Management of influenza in adults older than 65 years of age: cost-effectiveness of rapid testing and antiviral therapy"] (PDF). ''Annals of Internal Medicine''. 139 (5 Pt 1): 321–9. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965940 12965940]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-139-5_part_1-200309020-00007 10.7326/0003-4819-139-5_part_1-200309020-00007]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502100943/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965940 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="pmif12361816">Smith K، Roberts M (2002). "Cost-effectiveness of newer treatment strategies for influenza". ''Am J Med''. 113 (4): 300–7. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12361816 12361816]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0002-9343%2802%2901222-6 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01222-6]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502055102/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12361816 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11088084">Monto A، Gravenstein S، Elliott M، Colopy M، Schweinle J (2000). [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/160/21/3243.pdf "Clinical signs and symptoms predicting influenza infection"] (PDF). ''Arch Intern Med''. 160 (21): 3243–7. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11088084 11088084]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Farchinte.160.21.3243 10.1001/archinte.160.21.3243]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402075445/http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/160/21/3243.pdf |date=02 yebrir 2012}}</ref>
Ikayaden inamalen zeddiɣ (mazal) lehhun, [[ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣil ɣef  waṭṭanen|immasen n usenɣed n waṭṭanen]] (CDC) di Marikan tetteffer agzul amsetrer i yikayaden inamalen n isnuda s unect n CDC, ikayaden n [[Tawessna|twessna]] taruradt tla (tesɛa) tanefrayt 50-75% d tulmist 90-95% mi ara ad yettwaserwes s yidles anvirus.<ref name="pimd12965940" /><ref name="rapidlab">[http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/rapidlab.htm "Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza: Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors"]. ''[[ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣil ɣef  waṭṭanen]]''. 13 October 2015. Yettwaẓra deg wezmez n 02 fuṛaṛ 2016. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406011643/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/rapidlab.htm |date=06 yebrir 2019}}</ref><ref>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/ Lab Diagnosis of Influenza.] Retrieved 1 May 2009 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217132425/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/ |date=17 dujamber 2017}}</ref>.
Deg kra n tikwal, Tussit tezmer ad teglu s waṭṭan anamsad am wazzug n turin anvirus. Akken illan isekna ibanen am wemray n usgunef.

== Avirus n tussit ==
===Tilmas n ivirusen n tussit===
[[Tugna:3D Influenza virus.png|thumb|Taɣessa (tamsukt) n uvirus n tussit tesskanay-d Hemagglutinin (HA) d ipṛutinen n Neuraminidase (NA) deg tiggi n tzelɣiwin. Yettwafser uzeffar aṛibuɣsan anvirus id yessiliɣen ajinum am tkurin tizeggaɣin s agensu (daxel) n tzelɣiwin yettiwṭen ar (RNP).]]

Avirus n tussit s unect n [[Asismel n ivirusen|usesmel n ivirusen]] yettwameggez d [[avirus n ARN]] yettmag-d seg 5 n [[tawsit (tudersent)|tewsitin]] n twacult n  [[Avirus n tussit|ivirusen inezɣiwen uzmiren]].<ref name=Kawaoka>Kawaoka Y (editor) (2006). [http://www.horizonpress.com/flu ''Influenza Virology: Current Topics'']. Caister Academic Press. [[Uṭṭun_agreɣlan_ameslugen_n_yidles|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[uslig:BookSources/978-1-904455-06-6|978-1-904455-06-6]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006223738/http://www.horizonpress.com/flu |date=06 tuber 2016}}</ref>
* [[Avirus n tussit A]]
* [[Avirus n tussit B]]
* [[Avirus n tussit C]]

Ivirusen-a teqqnen kan ar ivirusen n [[tussit n yilfan]] talsant, igan d ivirusen n uzeffar aṛibuɣsan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n ''Maramixeros'' yettumeggezen d asrag (ssebba) imezdi i [[azzug|wazzug]] n [[Anagraw amesgunef|unagraw amesgunef]] ar warrac meẓẓiyen am waṭṭan n [[taɣiṭṭ]], akken i yezmer ad yeglu s waṭṭan yettemcabin i tussit ar imeqqranen.<ref>Hall CB (June 2001). "Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus". ''N. Engl. J. Med''. 344 (25): 1917–28. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11419430 11419430]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM200106213442507 10.1056/NEJM200106213442507]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502132912/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11419430 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref>Vainionpää R، Hyypiä T (April 1994). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC358320 "Biology of parainfluenza viruses"]. ''Clin. Microbiol. Rev''. 7 (2): 265–75. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC358320 358320][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures d talellayt]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8055470 8055470]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FCMR.7.2.265 10.1128/CMR.7.2.265]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502082642/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8055470 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>

Tettwasumer-d twacult tis 4 n ivirusen n tussit igan d (Avirus n tussit D).<ref name=Hause2014>Hause BM، Collin EA، Liu R، Huang B، Sheng Z، Lu W، Wang D، Nelson EA، Li F (2014). "Characterization of a novel influenza virus in cattle and swine: proposal for a new genus in the Orthomyxoviridae family". ''MBio''. 5 (2): e00031–14. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FmBio.00031-14 10.1128/mBio.00031-14].</ref><ref name=Collin2015>Collin EA، Sheng Z، Lang Y، Ma W، Hause BM، Li F (2015). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4300623 "Cocirculation of two distinct genetic and antigenic lineages of proposed influenza D virus in cattle"]. ''J Virol''. 89 (2): 1036–1042. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4300623 4300623][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355894 25355894]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.02718-14 10.1128/JVI.02718-14]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502074305/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355894 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name=Ducatez2015>Ducatez MF، Pelletier C، Meyer G (2015). "Influenza D virus in cattle, France, 2011-2014". ''Emerg Infect Dis''. 21 (2): 368–371. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.3201%2Feid2102.141449 10.3201/eid2102.141449].</ref><ref name=Song2016>Song H، Qi J، Khedri Z، Diaz S، Yu H، Chen X، Varki A، Shi Y، Gao GF (2016). "An open receptor-binding cavity of hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion glycoprotein from newly-identified Influenza D Virus: Basis for its broad cell tropism". ''PLoS Pathog''. 12 (1): e1005411. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1005411 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005411].</ref><ref name=Sheng2014>Sheng Z، Ran Z، Wang D، Hoppe AD، Simonson R، Chakravarty S، Hause BM، Li F (2014). "Genomic and evolutionary characterization of a novel influenza-C-like virus from swine". ''Arch Virol''. 159 (2): 249–255. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00705-013-1815-3 10.1007/s00705-013-1815-3].</ref><ref name=Quast2015>Quast M، Sreenivasan C، Sexton G، Nedland H، Singrey A، Fawcett L، Miller G، Lauer D، Voss S، Pollock S، Cunha CW، Christopher-Hennings J، Nelson E، Li F (2015). "Serological evidence for the presence of influenza D virus in small ruminants". ''Vet Microbiol''. 180 (3–4): 281–285. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vetmic.2015.09.005 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.005].</ref><ref name=Smith2016>Smith DB، Gaunt ER، Digard P، Templeton K، Simmonds P (2016). "Detection of influenza C virus but not influenza D virus in Scottish respiratory samples". ''J Clin Virol''. 74: 50–53. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jcv.2015.11.036 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.036].</ref>, Talmest-a tamaynut iga d tussit n tsita yettwasinfen (yettwaɛezlen) i tikkelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 2012

==== Avirus n tussit A ====
Igṭaṭ n waman gan d imsnugaten igamanen i tegrawt meqqren n tussit A, Tikwal ivirusen-a ttenṭaṭen i telmas n iɣersiwen n iden, sin akin yessisrig-d s unfufed d usefruret id igellun s twaɣit i [[iwuzaṭ|yiwuzaṭ]] [[agrad|imegruden]] id t-yessenṭaṭen s iman-is ar wemdan i wakken ad telfu (ad teḍru) [[arwas|tẓidmelt]] n tussit gar n imdanen. Dɣa ivirusen A i yemrayen (i weɛṛen) yakk gar n 3 n ivirusen n tussit acku ttaken-d Aṭṭanen inamsaden. Yezmer ad yili beṭṭu n ivirusen n tussit A ar waɣanen d inawen yemgaraden s usizder ɣer tririt n [[Tafekkamgelt|tfekkamgalin]] i yivirusen-a, inawen inmegzayen i yessentamen ar wemdan gant d:<ref name=hay/><ref name="sobrino6">Klenk, Hans-Dieter؛ Matrosovich, Mikhail؛ Stech, Jürgen (2008). [http://www.horizonpress.com/avir "Avian Influenza: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Host Range"]. ''Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology''. Caister Academic Press. [[Uṭṭun_agreɣlan_ameslugen_n_wedlis|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[uslig:BookSources/978-1-904455-22-6|978-1-904455-22-6]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820202716/http://www.horizonpress.com/avir |date=20 ɣuct 2016}}</ref>

* [[Avirus n tussit A H1N1|Avirus n tussit A H1N1]] id yeglan s  [[tussit Taspenyulit|terwast n tussit 1918]] d [[Arwas n tussit A (H1N1) n 2009|terwast n tussit A (H1N1) n 2009]]
* [[Avirus n tussit A H2N2]] yegla-d s tnelfuyt n [[Avirus n tussit A H2N2]] deg useggas n 1957
* [[Avirus n tussit A H3N2]] yegla-d s [[Tussit n Hong Kong]] deg useggas n 1968
* [[Avirus n tussit (H5N1)]] id yeglan s  [[tussit n yigṭaṭ]] deg  2004
* [[Avirus n tussit A - H7N7]] Avirus-a d  [[aɣressagma]] <ref>Fouchier، RAM؛ Schneeberger، PM؛ Rozendaal، FW؛ Broekman، JM؛ Kemink، SA؛ Munster، V؛ Kuiken، T؛ Rimmelzwaan، GF؛ d wiyyaṭ. (2004). [http://www.pnas.org/content/101/5/1356.full.pdf "Avian influenza A virus (H7N7) associated with human conjunctivitis and a fatal case of acute respiratory distress syndrome"] (PDF). ''[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]''. 101 (5): 1356–61. [[Bibcode]]:[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..101.1356F 2004PNAS..101.1356F]. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC337057 337057][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14745020 14745020]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0308352100 10.1073/pnas.0308352100]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125124346/http://www.pnas.org/content/101/5/1356.full.pdf |date=25 yennayer 2016}}</ref>
* [[Avirus n tussit A H1N2]] - yettidir deg yimdanen d yilfan d yigṭaṭ
* [[Tussit n yigṭaṭ|H9N2]]
* [[Avirus n tussit A H7N2]]
* [[Avirus n tussit A H7N3]]
* [[Avirus n tussit A H10N7]]
* [[Avirus n tussit A H7N9]]

==== Avirus n tussit B ====
[[Tugna:Influenza nomenclature.svg|thumb|Ismawen n uvirus n tussit (i wvirus n [[tussit n Fujian]]) ]]

Avirus n tussit B yettaɣ imdanen kan (maca yezmer daɣen ad yaɣ snat n [[talmest|telmas]] n iɣersiwen: [[isifer]] d [[Anessas|unessas]]), Dɣa tussit B ur telli ara s tuget am tussit A, Talmest-a n tussit yesniffil s yisig n 2 ar 3 n tikkal s ddaw n telmest A, s usrag n tdrwsi ayyi n tuggta tasemgalt tettili-d tseddart n [[affal|waffal]] mgal n tussit B deg temẓi, ɣas akken tussit B tesdeṛmis ɣer tfesna anda ur yettili ara waffal amaɣlal mgal-is, isig-a anamum (uḍɛif) i wessnifel asemgal yakk d tegrawt n umesnubget (asekref n tuddit n telmas s usemgal) s wakka ad yettwasegger (ad yettwaḍman) ur ttilin ara [[arwas|irwasen]] n tussit B.<ref name=hay>Hay، A؛ Gregory V؛ Douglas A؛ Lin Y (29 December 2001). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088562 "The evolution of human influenza viruses"]. ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B''. 356 (1416): 1861–70. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088562 1088562][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11779385 11779385]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2001.0999 10.1098/rstb.2001.0999]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502082836/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11779385 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="Zambon">Zambon، M (November 1999). [http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/suppl_2/3.full.pdf "Epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza"] (PDF). ''J Antimicrob Chemother''. 44 Suppl B (90002): 3–9. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877456 10877456]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2F44.suppl_2.3 10.1093/jac/44.suppl_2.3]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531191850/http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/suppl_2/3.full.pdf |date=31 mayu 2013}}</ref><ref name=webster>R، Webster؛ Bean W؛ Gorman O؛ Chambers T؛ Kawaoka Y (1992). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372859 "Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses"]. ''Microbiol Rev''. 56 (1): 152–79. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372859 372859][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1579108 1579108]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523170349/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1579108 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref>Jakeman KJ، Tisdale M، Russell S، Leone A، Sweet C (August 1994). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC284652 "Efficacy of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibosides against influenza A and B viruses in ferrets"]. ''Antimicrob. Agents Chemother''. 38 (8): 1864–7. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC284652 284652][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7986023 7986023]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1128%2Faac.38.8.1864 10.1128/aac.38.8.1864]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502052455/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7986023 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref>Osterhaus، A؛ Rimmelzwaan G؛ Martina B؛ Bestebroer T؛ Fouchier R (2000). "Influenza B virus in seals". ''Science''. 288 (5468): 1051–3. [[Bib_Code|Bibcode]]:[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Sci...288.1051O 2000Sci...288.1051O]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807575 10807575]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.288.5468.1051 10.1126/science.288.5468.1051]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902132814/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Sci...288.1051O |date=02 ctember 2017}}</ref><ref>Nobusawa، E؛ Sato K (April 2006). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1440390 "Comparison of the mutation rates of human influenza A and B viruses"]. ''J Virol''. 80 (7): 3675–8. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1440390 1440390][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16537638 16537638]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.80.7.3675-3678.2006 10.1128/JVI.80.7.3675-3678.2006]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502082842/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16537638 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>

==== Avirus n tussit C ====
Tussit C tettaɣ imdanen d [[aydi|yiqjan]] d [[ilef|yilfan]]. Aṭṭanen inamsaden gellun-d s [[arwas|tzitmura]] tidiganin. Maca talmest-a d tin ur nelli ara s tuget yakk yerna tettaɣ kan arrac meẓẓiyen s tefses.<ref>Matsuzaki، Y؛ Katsushima N؛ Nagai Y؛ Shoji M؛ Itagaki T؛ Sakamoto M؛ Kitaoka S؛ Mizuta K؛ Nishimura H (1 May 2006). "Clinical features of influenza C virus infection in children". ''J Infect Dis''. 193 (9): 1229–35. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16586359 16586359]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F502973 10.1086/502973]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502084520/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16586359 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="Katagiri">Katagiri، S؛ Ohizumi A؛ Homma M (July 1983). "An outbreak of type C influenza in a children's home". ''J Infect Dis''. 148 (1): 51–6. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6309999 6309999]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Finfdis%2F148.1.51 10.1093/infdis/148.1.51]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502091036/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6309999 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref><ref name="Taubenberger2008" /><ref name="Matsuzaki">Matsuzaki، Y؛ Sugawara K؛ Mizuta K؛ Tsuchiya E؛ Muraki Y؛ Hongo S؛ Suzuki H؛ Nakamura K (2002). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC153379 "Antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza C viruses which caused two outbreaks in Yamagata City, Japan, in 1996 and 1998"]. ''J Clin Microbiol''. 40 (2): 422–9. [[PubMed_Central|PMC]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC153379 153379][[Tugna:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Tuwwṭa ɣures tettili-d s tlelli]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11825952 11825952]. [[Tamusni n taftart tumdint|doi]]:[//dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.40.2.422-429.2002 10.1128/JCM.40.2.422-429.2002]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502075724/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11825952 |date=05 2yennayer9 }}</ref>

== Tuddit d unfufed n uvirus ==
Mi ara ad [[anezzu|yenzi]] (yeɛḍes) neɣ [[tusut|yusu]] wemdan yudnen s tussit, ugar n wezgen n umelyun n tfekkiwin n ivirusen nettgen ar wezwu. Anṭaṭ n uvirus ɣer yimdanen irennu s waṭas deg wezgen n wass ar yiwen n was seld n [[igem|yigem]] (akud deg acu yettili deg-s wemdan yessenṭaṭ-it i wayeṭ) ma d isig n wenṭaṭ yeflalin (ɛlayen) i wemdan niden deg taggara n wass wis sin akken i yettaṭṭaf azal n 5 wussan maca yezmer ad yeṭṭef alammi d 9 n wussan.

== Tasensakrart ==
===Isniflen [[Tasemhuyt|isemhayen]]===
[[Tugna:Influenza Seasonal Risk Areas.svg|thumb|300px|Ideggan yettufesren i tussit tasemhayt: wamber ar yebrir (azegzaw), wamber ar yebrir (azeggaɣ), s teɣzi n useggas (awṛaɣ).]]

Tussit tettawaṭ ar waggi-ynes deg [[tagrest|tegrest]], llant snat n tsemhuyin n tessut yal aseggas acku tagrest tettas-d deg sin n wakuden yemgaraden gar n wezgen agafan n [[tagnit|tegnit]] d wezgen anaẓul, ɣef waya tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa tettaked isemtar (ttewṣiyat) i snat n tsuddsin yemgaraden n wecraṭ yal aseggas (yiwet deg wezgen agafan tis snat deg wezgen anaẓul).<ref name=WHOrecommendation>{{amnir n web|akala=http://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/2007northreport.pdf |azwel=Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2006–2007 influenza season |anefsar=WHO Report |azmez=14 February 2006 |azmez n tuwwṭa=28 December 2016| azmez n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20160414213945/http://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/2007northreport.pdf | azmez n ufaylu = 14 yebrir 2016 }}</ref>

== amezruy n tussit == 

== Tigmayin (inadiyen) ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==

== Imniren ==

[[Taggayt:Aṭṭanen]]
[[Taggayt:Aṭṭanen invirusen iɣersawen]]
Tilɣatin i seqdacen deg usebter agi :
Uɣal ar Tussit.
Yettwakkes-d seg "https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussit"