Mèru

Lukisan gunung Meru dhedhasar kosmologi Jainisme saking naskah Jain *Samghayanarayana*

Thanka Bhutan Gunung Meru lan Semesta wonten ing agama Budda, abad ke-19, Trongsa, Bhutan.

Gunung Meru (Sangsekerta: मेरु) (ugi dipunsebut Sumeru ingkang ateges "Meru Agung") inggih punika gunung suci wonten ing kosmologi Hindhu lan kosmologi Buda sarta kosmologi Jain, lan dipunanggep minangka pusat alam semesta, kanthi fisik punapa déné metafisik spiritual. Gunung punika minangka papan dunungipun para déwa, utamanipun déwa Brahma lan Dewata sanèsipun.

Dipunsebutaken bilih gunung punika inggilipun 84.000 Yojana (sakitar 1,082 juta kilomèter). Kathah kuil lan candhi Hindhu lan Jain dipunyasa wonten ing wujud simbolis kados gunung suci punika. Wonten ing kosmologi Buda, gunung suci pusat jagat raya alam semesta dipunsebut Sumeru.

Lokasi

Wonten ing tradisi Hindhu Gunung Meru jelas dipungambaraken wonten ing aspèk mitos, dipunsebutaken inggilipun 84.000 Yojana, lan Matahari sarta sapérangan planit wonten ing sistem tata surya sami nglilingi.

Géografi

Nemtokaken lokasi géografis Gunung Meru awrat sanget; amargi dipunsebutaken inggilipun ingkang luar biyasa, sarta dipunsebutaken dipunklilingi déning samodra, katambah malih kanthi manéka kutipan ingkang nyebutaken srengéngé sesarengan kaliyan planit-planetipun nglilingi gunung punika. Bab punika ndadosaken pamadosan saking lokasi géografis gunung Meru awrat sanget kanggé para ilmuwan.^[1]^[2]. Nanging sapérangan alit ilmuwan ngindéntifikasi gungung Meru utawi Sumeru kaliyan pagunungan Pamir, ing timurlaut Kashmir^[3].

Kitab Suryasiddhanta nyebutaken bilih Gunung Meru dumunung wonten ing tengah donya ("bhugola-madhya") ing lemah Jambunada (Jambudwipa). Narpatijayacharyā, sawijining naskah ingkang asalipun saking abad ke-9 ingkang minangka pérangan ingkang boten dipunterbitaken saking naskah Yāmala Tantra, nyebutaken "Sumeruḥ Prithvī-madhye shrūyate drishyate na tu" ('Su-meru dipunsebutaken mapan wonten ing tengah-tengah donya, nanging boten katingal dumunung wonten ing mrika')^[4]. Vārāha Mihira, wonten ing Panch-siddhāntikā, ngakonii bilih Gunung Meru wonten ing Kutub Utara (éwadéné boten wonten gunung ing kutub utara). Suryasiddhānta, nyebutaken Gunung Meru wonten ing tengah Bumi, wonten ing antawising gunung Sumeru lan Kumeru ingkang sami-sami dumunung wonten ing kutub.

Inggil

Satunggal Yojana saged dipuntafsiraken kanthi ukuran sakitar 11,5 km éwadéné besaranipun pesthi éwah sareng wekdal ingkang gantos. Kados déné lingkar kliling bumi dipunsebutaken agengipun 3.200 Yojana miturut Vārāhamihira, sakedhik langkung alit saking Āryabhatiya, nanging dipunsebutaken agengipun antawis 5.026,5 Yojana ing Suryasiddhānta. Kitab Matsya Purana lan Bhāgvata Purāna sareng sapérangan naskah Hindhu ingkang sanès kanthi konsisten nyebutaken ukuran inggilipun ingkang luar biyasa agengk anggé Gunung Meru, inggih punika 84.000 Yojana ingkang ateges sakitar 1,082 juta kilomèter.

Cathetan suku

↑ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=a91-t4uw8A4C&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=Meru+sun+planets+revolve&source=bl&ots=AtlS2P8sy-&sig=LhIN74cqSiq8Vb8ia5mEKVDSxwY&hl=en&ei=237YSqnyA5KCsgPNt82eBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Meru%20sun%20planets%20revolve&f=false
↑ http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk08ch15.htm
↑ The Geopolitics of South Asia: From Early Empires to the Nuclear Age, 2003, p 16, Graham P. Chapman - Social Science; The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus, p 15, George Nathaniel Curzon; The Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism, 1968, p 184, Benjamin Walker - Hinduism; Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology: Purāṇas in Translation, 1969, p 56, Jagdish Lal Shastri, Arnold Kunst, G. P. Bhatt, Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare - Oriental literature; Journal of the K.R. Cama Oriental Institute, 1928, p 38, K.R. Cama Oriental Institute - Iranian philology; The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture, 1997, p 175, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal - History; Geographical Concepts in Ancient India, 1967, p 50, Bechan Dube - India; Geographical Data in the Early Purāṇas: A Critical Study, 1972, p 2, Dr M. R. Singh - India; Studies in the Proto-history of India, 1971, p 17, Dr Dvārakā Prasāda Miśra - India.
↑ cf. ayat angka 2 saking Koorma-chakra saking kitab Narpatijayacharyā

Réferènsi

Narpatijayacharyā, commentary by Ganeshdatta Pathak, Cublished by Chowkhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, India, PIN-221001

Uga delengen

Pranala njaba

Description of Mount Meru in the Devi-bhagavata-purana 1 2
Painting of Mount Meru found in Buddhist cave sanctuary in Chinese Turkestan Archived 2006-02-06 at the Wayback Machine.
Mount Meru in Encyclopedia of Buddhist Iconography 1 2

[1] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=a91-t4uw8A4C&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=Meru+sun+planets+revolve&source=bl&ots=AtlS2P8sy-&sig=LhIN74cqSiq8Vb8ia5mEKVDSxwY&hl=en&ei=237YSqnyA5KCsgPNt82eBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Meru%20sun%20planets%20revolve&f=false

[2] ttp://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk08ch15.htm

[3] The Geopolitics of South Asia: From Early Empires to the Nuclear Age, 2003, p 16, Graham P. Chapman - Social Science; The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus, p 15, George Nathaniel Curzon; The Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism, 1968, p 184, Benjamin Walker - Hinduism; Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology: Purāṇas in Translation, 1969, p 56, Jagdish Lal Shastri, Arnold Kunst, G. P. Bhatt, Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare - Oriental literature; Journal of the K.R. Cama Oriental Institute, 1928, p 38, K.R. Cama Oriental Institute - Iranian philology; The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture, 1997, p 175, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal - History; Geographical Concepts in Ancient India, 1967, p 50, Bechan Dube - India; Geographical Data in the Early Purāṇas: A Critical Study, 1972, p 2, Dr M. R. Singh - India; Studies in the Proto-history of India, 1971, p 17, Dr Dvārakā Prasāda Miśra - India.

[4] . ayat angka 2 saking Koorma-chakra saking kitab Narpatijayacharyā

[1]

[2]

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