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Oké ifufe oyi

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ

    Ebili mmiri oyi (nke a mara n'ọrịa ụfọdụ dị ka oyi, oyi ma ọ bụ Arctic Snap) bụ ihe omume ihu igwe nke a na-amata site na ikuku oyi. N'ụzọ doro anya, dị ka U.S. National Weather Service si eji ya, ebili mmiri oyi bụ ike ngwa na nwaanyị n'ime awa 24 nke nwere ike dị ukwuu maka ọrụ ugbo, ụlọ ọrụ, azụmahịa, na onye mmadụ na ibe ya. Ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ maka ebili mmiri oyi bụ ajụjụ nke echere na-ada, na nke kacha nta nke ọ na-ada. Okpomokụkụ ala a dabere na mpaghara ala na oge nke afọ.

Na United States, a na-mụrụ oge oyi dị ka nkezi ịdị elu nke mba na-agbadata n'okpuru 20 ° F (-7 ). Enwere ike ike ebili mmiri oyi nke zuru oke na ogologo oge dị ka ike ikuku oyi (CAO).

Mmetụta

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ebili mmiri oyi nwere ike aratapụta na ahụ maka anụ ụlọ na anụ ndị. I mere na oyi na-eme ka ụmụ anụmanụ niile, ụmụ ụmụ, na-eri kalori ka ukwuu, ma ọ bụrụ na ebili mmiri oyi na-eso snow siri ike ma na-adịgide adịgide, ụmụ anụmanụ na-ata nwere ike ghara iru nri dị mkpa ma ebumnuche site na hypothermia ma ọ bụ agụụ. Ha na-achọkarị ihe oriri iji nye anụ ụlọ nri na nnukwu ego maka ndị ọrụ ugbo.

A na-akpata oge oyi na nwa nke ọnụọgụgụ n'etiti ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa. Ma ebili mmiri oyi na ebili mmiri, na-akpata ọnwụ, ọ bụ ebe na m ndị mmadụ dị iche iche nwere ike iche ihu igwe dị iche iche. Ọnwụ ndị a na-ekwu maka akwụkwọ na-eme n'oge ebili mmiri oyi ụzọ n'oge ọmụmụ, ọ bụ ihe na ọnụọgụgụ dị elu na mpaghara ndị na-emepe mịrị n'ụwa. Uke oyi n'oge oyi na-emekarị ka paịpụ mmiri na-adịghị mma na-eche nche oyi. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-adịghị echebe nke ọma na-agbaji mmiri n'ime ụlọ ka mmiri na-agbasa n'ime ha, na-akpata nnukwu mgbaàmà na ihe mmetụta na ike dị oke ọnụ. Isi na-arrị elu nke ukwuu n'oge ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ ebe na nke Mkpa ike eletrọnịkị nwere ike ike n'ihi oyi nke mmiri dị mkpa maka ike nke hydroelectricity. Ụfọdụ n'iche nwere ike ikwu na akwụkwọ dị ala. kpàala nwere ike mgbe anti-freeze dara ma ọ bụ editọ gels, na-akpata ike nke njem.

Ọkụ na-aghọ ihe ize ndụ n'oge oke oyi. Mmiri na-esi n'ọ mmiri mmiri nwere ike ịgbaji na nwere ike ihe ihe a na-ahụ na ya, na-eme ka mgbanyụ ọkụ sie ike. Mmiri n'oge ebili mmiri oyi na- arọ ma si otú a nwee ikuku oxygen ihe ọzọ, ihe mgbe ikuku nke ọkụ na-abanye na-ajụ oyi n'ụzọ a na-ahụ ahụkebe ọ ga-akpata ọkụ siri ike. [ihe odide dị mkpa] Otú ọ dị, snow nwere ike ịgbasa ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ.

Ebili mmiri oyi nke oge oyi nke a na-enweghị ele anya dị ka oyi n'ebe ụfọdụ, mana na-akpata dị ala ala nkezi maka mpaghara, na-ebibi ihe. mgbaàmà ndị nwere ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike ike ebili mmiri oyi na ịdị elu ebe ndị ọzọ na-ajụ oyi n'ụwa. Enwere ike ike ebili mmiri oyi na, ebe ọ bụ na ndị a ka na-ajụ oyi n'ụzọ a na-ahụ ahụ ahụkebe maka mpaghara ahụ, na ndụ osisi na anụmanụ ga-anabataghị oyi dị otú ahụ. Otu nwaanyị oyi nke echiche ya na ụkpụrụ maka Colorado, Ohio, ma ọ bụ Bavaria bụ mmemme nye ihe ọmụmụ n'ebe dị ka Florida, California, ma ọ dị ka nke South America na-akụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri n' oge oyi.

Ebili mmiri oyi nke na-eweta oyi na oyi na- Seekor anya ya n'oge oge uto na mpaghara etiti nwere ike igbu osisi n'oge ọmụmụ na nke nchegbu nke uto, na-akpataakpata osisi ihe ka a na-egbu tupu a na-fihan ha n'ụzọ akụ na ọnọdụ. Oké ifufe oyi dị otú ahụ akpatawo ụnwụ nri. N'oge ndị na-egbu osisi dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ebili mmiri oyi nwere ike ike ala n'ihe ize ndụ nke osisi na ọkụ na-eri anụ anwụ anwụ. Otu ihe siri ike bụ nke a na-akpọ Afọ Na- Nche Oge 1816, otu n'ime ọtụtụ afɔ n'oge 1810 nke ọtụtụ ihe kpatara dara n'oge oyi na-egwu n'oge ogbe mgbe mgbawa ugwu nke echiche na-abata.

Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro njikọ nwere ike ịdị n'etiti ebili mmiri oyi na cyclogenesis extratropical.[1]

Ihe mgbochi

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ebe ụfọdụ, dị ka Siberia, oke oyi mmetụta ka a na-eji ozi ọrụ na-eji àmà eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ ga-aga n'ihu. Enwere ike ikpuchi paịpụ mmiri n'ime, ndị mmadụ ekiri ike ịba mmiri mgbe niile site na paịpụ. Nchekwa ike, nke siri ike n'ihi na ọ dị n'oké oyi, nwere ike iwu usoro ndị dị ka mmadụ ndị mmadụ (ịkarịsịa ndị ogbenye na ndị agadi) n'ahụ ọha. aha ndị na- mama ebe obibi nwere ike ijide ma kpọga ha n'ebe mgbaba, ikike ka a tọhapụ ha mgbe ihe ize ndụ ahụ papara. ọgwụ ọgwụ nwere ike maka ikike nke ndị na- na arrịa oyi na hypothermia; ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọha na eze ndị ọzọ nwewe ike ka ha bụrụ ebe mgbaba.

Ndị mmadụ nwere ike ichekwa nri, mmiri, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa tupu ebili mmiri oyi. Ụfọdụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ịkwaga n'ebe ihu igwe dị nro, ọ dịkarịa ala n'oge oyi. Enwere ike ịchọta nri kwesịrị ekwesị tupu ebili mmiri oyi maka anụ ụlọ, a pụkwara ibuga anụ ụlọ n'ebe ndị na-adịghị ike site na ebe ndị metụtara ma ọ bụ ọbụna gbuo ha. Igbe anwụrụ ọkụ nwere ike iweta anwụrụ ọkụ nke na-egbochi oke oyi n'ugbo ma ọ bụ ọhịa. Enwere ike iji mmiri na-egbu ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-adịghị ike nke ga-echebe osisi ndị ahụ site na ịjụ oyi na ịmịkọrọ oyi site na ikuku gbara ya gburugburu.

Ọtụtụ ndị nwere ike iyi uwe kwesịrị ịdị ma nwee ike ike akwa uwe ha ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ịpụ n'ihi ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na akụ ha adaa. Ha ọkụ ike ike kandụl, ọkụ ọkụ, na-akpa maka isi nri na osisi maka ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ stovu osisi, dịka ọ dị mkpa. Otú ọ dị, a ga-adị anya dị ka iji ọkụ ọkụ maka isi nri ma ọ bụ kpoo ọkụ n'ime ụlọ mechiri emechi dị oke egwu n'ihi akụ carbon monoxide. Ndị toro eto ga- mgba na-amaama i ሜከል na ndị agadi na oyi.

Oké ifufe oyi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ebili mmiri oyi nke narị afọ nke 21 (2001-dị ugbu a)

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Febụwarị 2023: Febụwarụ 2023 Oké oyi nke North America

2022

  • Disemba 2022: Ngwụsị Disemba 2022 Oké ifufe oyi nke North America
  • June 2022: Ógbè Aysén dị n'ebe ndịda Chile nwere okpomọkụ oyi pụrụ iche.[2] N'ọtụtụ ebe, okpomọkụ dara n'okpuru -10 C. N'otu ọnọdụ ọ ruru -14 C. Akụkụ nke Tortel Fjord na Osimiri Simpson kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ.[2][2][2] Na mpaghara Los Lagos, n'ebe ugwu nke mpaghara Aysén, e debara aha okpomọkụ nke -5 C.[2]
  • Mee 2022: 2022 South American cold wave
  • Febụwarị-Mach 2022: Oké oyi nke Turkey

2021

  • Febụwarị 2021: Oké oyi nke Turkey
  • Febụwarị 2021: Febụwarụ 2021 Oké oyi nke North America
  • Jenụwarị 2021: Oké ebili mmiri oyi dakwasịrị ọtụtụ mpaghara na Eurasia, ọkachasị na Iberian Peninsula, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia na Southeast Asia na ụfọdụ n'ime okpomọkụ kachasị ala n'ọtụtụ afọ. Na Spain, Clot del Tuc de la Llanca na Aragon na Pyrenees nke Spain dekọrọ -34.1 °C na Jenụwarị 6. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ bụ ihe ndekọ okpomọkụ kachasị ala na Spain, 2 °C dị ala karịa ihe ndekọ gara aga na 1956, kamakwa ọ bụ ihe kachasị ala na Iberian Peninsula dum e dekọrọ. Na Jenụwarị 9, e nwetara ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ ọzọ na -35.6 °C na Vega de Liordes, na ugwu Cantabrian nke Spain. Oké ifufe oyi ahụ na snow nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke kpuchiri Madrid n'okpuru 50 ruo 60 cm nke snow, oge mbụ kemgbe 1971.

Novosibirsk ruru ala nke -41 °C. Beijing dekọrọ ala nke -19.6 °C nke bụ nke kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1966. Seoul dekwara -18.6 °C na Jenụwarị 8 nke bụ ihe ndekọ tie na 2001 na nke kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1986. Ihe karịrị 200 cm nke snow dara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Japan n'akụkụ ụsọ Oké Osimiri Japan.

2020

  • Ọktoba 2020: Ugwu Rocky na Great Plains nke United States nwere okpomọkụ oyi. E dekọrọ okpomọkụ Fahrenheit (< -18 °C) na Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, na Nebraska. Bozeman, Montana, ruru -20 °F (−29 °C) na Denver, Colorado ruru 4 (−16 ).[3]
  • Febụwarị 2020: Oge nke abụọ snow dara na Baghdad kemgbe afọ 1910.

2019

  • Nọvemba 2019: Oké oyi nke Turkey
  • Nọvemba 2019: Oké oyi nke North America
  • Febụwarị 2019: E webatara okpomọkụ 10~15 degrees dị ala karịa nkezi nke Febụwarụ, na okpomọkụ nke -40 °C (-40 ) degrees n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Siberia ọzọ. Novosibirsk, obodo kachasị ukwuu na Russia nke Eshia, gbadatara na -40.1 (−40.2 ) na 2 Febụwarị, naanị obere nke otu ogo na-eme ihere na ndekọ mbụ ya na 1977.[4] Krasnoyarsk gbadatara na -41.3 °C (-42.3 °F) na 4 Febụwarị, na-efu naanị 0.3 °C na ndekọ ya na 2001.[5] Irkutsk Oblast dekwara okpomọkụ dị ala, ebe Irkutsk kụrụ -37.7 °C (-35.9 °F) na 6 Febụwarị, na-akụ ihe ndekọ mbụ ya nke 6 Febụwaraị, Bratsk ahụla okpomọkụ n'okpuru -41.5 °C (-42.7 °F) n'ụbọchị nke ise nke Febụwarụ, nke na-ajụ oyi mgbe ụfọdụ karịa obodo ndị dị ka Yakutsk. 7 na 8 Febụwariri bụ ọbụna ihe obi ọjọọ, na Omsk dị ala dị ka -39.0 °C (−38.2 °F), na ndekọ dị ala dị ala dị na Novokuznet nke 0.43.4 °C dị ala na 1969.[6][7][8] Okpomọkụ dị ala na ebili mmiri oyi nke -53.6 °C (-64.5 ) ka edere na Vanavara[9] Ebili mmiri oyi ahụ metụtakwara Russian Far East na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke North America. California nwere mmiri na oyi na-adịghị ahụkebe na February, ebe Los Angeles nwere February kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1962.[10]
  • Na ngwụcha Jenụwarị, oke oyi dakwasịrị Canada na etiti ọdịda anyanwụ nke United States, na-eweta okpomọkụ n'okpuru -30.0 °C (-22.0 ), na oge niile dị ala n'ọtụtụ obodo.[11] New York City nwere okpomọkụ dị ala nke 2 °F (-16 °C), ọgụgụ kachasị jụụ na Central Park kemgbe Febụwarị 14, 2016, mgbe mercury dara na -1 °F (-18 °C), agụmakwụkwọ kachasị jụụ n'okpuru efu na New York City kemgbe Jenụwarị 19, 1994.[12]

2018

  • N'ihe dị ka mmalite Disemba 2018, obere ebili mmiri oyi wakporo Central Russia na Kazakhstan, na-eweta okpomọkụ ọtụtụ ogo site na nkezi. Obodo ukwu dị ka Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, na mpaghara Barnaul enweela oke okpomọkụ nke -10 C. Oké oyi ahụ kwụsịrị n'etiti Disemba, na-eme ka ọ dịtụ ọkụ, mana ọ laghachiri oge ụfọdụ na Krismas, na-emetụta Central Russia na Kazakhstan ọzọ, tupu ọ kwụsị n'oge Afọ Ọhụrụ.[13][14][15][16][17][18] Yerbogachen tara ahụhụ oke okpomọkụ nke -52.5 °C (-62.5 ) na Krismas.[19]
  • Ná ngwụsị Febụwarị na mmalite etiti Machị 2018, Europe. Ifufe Ista mere ka ọnọdụ dị ilu, tinyere snow, ugboro abụọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi 2018. Oké ifufe Emma, nke metụtara mpaghara ndịda nke Great Britain, wetara ihe ruru sentimita 50 (20 in) nke snow.[20] N'ozuzu, mmadụ 93 nwụrụ na Europe; ọnwụ 27 mere na Poland na 17 na UK.

2017-2018

  • Mmiri oyi malitere na ngwụcha Disemba 2017 (December 24 n'otu n'otu), North America. E nwere oke okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide, gụnyere oke oyi, na Canada na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti nke United States site na Northern Canada ruo Mississippi, na okpomọkụ n'ọtụtụ Canada nke dị gburugburu -29 (−20 °F) na ala dị ka -39 (-38 ) Na steeti New York, yana elu dị ka 21 (70 ) da 31 (88 ), na Sandberg na Los Angeles, n'otu n'otu.[21]
  • Oké oyi nke November 9-12, 2017. E mebiri ndekọ dị ala site na Minneapolis ruo Washington, D.C., ka ikuku Arctic na-agafe n'ógbè ndị ahụ. [citation needed]

2017

  • Jenụwarị 2017 Oké oyi na Europe - Oké oyi dakwasịrị Central na East Europe na Jenụwarụ 5. Okpomọkụ kachasị ala bụ -45.4 °C (-49.7 ) degrees.[22] oyi ahụ gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri isii. E nwekwara nnukwu snow.
  • Eprel 2017 - N'otu afọ ahụ, e dekọrọ okpomọkụ dị ala na Sarajevo site na snow na-adịghị ahụkebe nke kụrụ obodo ahụ na-emebi okporo ụzọ kemgbe ebili mmiri oyi nke afọ 2012.[23]

2016

  • Jenụwarị 2016 Oké oyi nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia - O mere ka ihe karịrị 100 nwụọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia, Ndịda Eshia na Ndịda Ọwụwa ỌwụwaAnyanwụ Easia.
  • Febụwarị 2016 oyi na-ekpo ọkụ na North America - Oké oyi na-atụ na North America n'ime izu nke abụọ nke Febụwarụ 2016 nke kpatara oke oyi na okpomọkụ. New York City mebiri ihe ndekọ ya dị ala nke -1 °F (-18 °C), nke bụ ọgụgụ mbụ na-erughị efu maka New York kemgbe Jenụwarị 19, 1994.[24] N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2016, Whiteface Mountain nwere ikuku nke -114 °F (−81 °C), ebe ọ bụ na Boston, Massachusetts, okpomọkụ dara na -9 °F (−23 °C), nke kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1957.

2014-2015

  • Febụwarị 2015 Oké oyi nke North America - N'oge ọkara nke abụọ nke Febụwarụ 2015, e mebiri ndekọ okpomọkụ n'akụkụ abụọ nke spectrum. E mebiri ihe ndekọ dị oke ọkụ na ọkara ọdịda anyanwụ nke United States na ihe ndekọ dị oké oyi na ọkara ọwụwa anyanwụ. Na mgbakwunye na oke oyi na Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, na New England, a kọrọ na snow dara ruo n'ebe ndịda dị ka Tupelo, Mississippi; Huntsville, Alabama; na Shreveport, Louisiana. Ebili mmiri oyi ahụ gbasara ma mee ka ọnọdụ dị nro niile fọdụrụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ banye n'ebe ugwu Mexico. Ebili mmiri oyi ahụ gbatịrị ruo na mbido Machị, na akụkụ nke steeti US ọ bụla ma e wezụga Florida na-akọ akụkọ snow na Machị 1, 2015.
  • Nọvemba 2014 North American cold wave - N'etiti Nọvember 8 na Nọvembre 23, a polar vortex yiri nke mbụ na 2014 nwere nlọghachi nwa oge, na-eweta oge oyi atọ mbụ na United States. E gosipụtara ndekọ snow na Midwest na Northeast, ọkachasị gburugburu Great Lakes. Buffalo, New York, so n'ime ndị siri ike na November na-enweghị oge oyi.
  • 2013-2014
  • Na mbido afọ 2014 ebili mmiri oyi nke North America - Na Jenụwarị 2-11, ikuku oyi arctic nke jikọtara ya na Nor'easter wakporo etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ United States na Canada, n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Rockies. Okpomọkụ dị ọbụna karịa North Pole na South Pole n'ọtụtụ mpaghara dị na Upper Midwest na Canada. Okpomọkụ ruru dịka -37 °F (-38 ), ọbụnakwa esighị na ọnụọgụ abụọ na-adịghị mma n'ọtụtụ ebe, gụnyere Chicago. Ebili mmiri oyi ahụ gbatịrị ọnwa ole na ole ọzọ, na-eweta usoro na-aga n'ihu nke okpomọkụ dị ala na ọtụtụ n'ime etiti na elu ọwụwa anyanwụ United States, tupu usoro ahụ agwụ na mbido Eprel.
  • Disemba 2013 North American cold wave - Na Disemba 1, ike ọgwụgwụ nke polar vortex mere ka mmiri na-aga n'ebe ndịda, nke nyere ohere ka okpomọkụ oyi na-adịghị mma banye na Central United States. Na Disemba 6, e debere snow na-ada kwa ụbọchị nke 0.1 sentimita (2.5 ) na Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, na-emebi ihe ndekọ ochie nke obere snow, nke e debere na 1950.[25][26] Mmiri oyi ahụ gara n'ihu ruo na Disemba 10, tupu okpomọkụ alaghachi n'ọnọdụ dị mma.

2013

  • United Kingdom March-April 2013 - UK Spring 2013 oyi wave bụ oge oyi dị ogologo nke wetara nnukwu snow, nke kachasị njọ na March ruo afọ 30 na kemgbe 1947 n'ebe ụfọdụ. Enwekwara okpomọkụ ụfọdụ na England (CET) na-enwe March kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1883 na nkezi okpomọkụ kwa ọnwa nke 2.7 °C (36.9 ). Nke a pụtara na Machị jụrụ oyi karịa ọnwa atọ niile n'oge oyi na Disemba 2012, Jenụwarị na Febụwarị 2013.

 

  • Oge opupu ihe ubi 2013 North American cold wave - Ọ bụ ezie na isi oge oyi nke 2012-13 dịtụ nro, ma March na April dị oke oyi gafee Midwest, na-akpata ọdịiche dị egwu site na March 2012 ruo March 2013 na United States na Canada. Ebumnuche oyi a na-atụghị anya ya n'ihi na Febụwarị na Machị 2013 ka e buru n'uche ka ọ dị nro ma dị ka oge opupu ihe ubi karịa Febụwarụ na Machị 2012, mana kama nke ahụ, ọ bịara na Febụwaraị na Maachị oyi na-adịghị ahụkebe. Otu ebili mmiri oyi a gbatịrị ruo n'ọnwa Eprel, dịka oké ifufe anọ a ma ama n'oge oyi metụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ugwu United States, ọkachasị gafee Minnesota na Dakotas. Minnesota nwere snow na-adịghị ahụkebe na Mee n'ihi oke oyi a.
  • N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2013, South America nwere oke oyi kachasị njọ n'ime afọ iri na atọ. Ụfọdụ mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Argentina na Uruguay nwere ọtụtụ ụbọchị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ oyi, snow dakwara na Southern Brazil dum, ọbụnakwa edebanye aha na Curitiba maka oge mbụ n'ime afọ 38.
  • 2013 Middle East oyi - Saịprọs, Ijipt, Israel, West Bank, Jọdan, Lebanọn na Siria.

2012

  • Na mbido afọ 2012 na Europe - Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 11, 2012, ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 590 nwụrụ n'oge oyi na okpomọkụ na-ada n'okpuru -35 °C (-31 ) na mpaghara ụfọdụ.[27] Na Ukraine, ihe karịrị 100 mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihi oyi.[28]

2010-2011

  • 2011 New Zealand snowstorms- N'ihi oké ifufe Antarctic na-aga n'elu, mba ahụ dum metụtara obere oge na July 2011, naanị ka ọ laghachi n'ike n'ike karịa n'August maka ogologo oge. Te Waipounamu / South Island bụ nke kachasị njọ, ọ bụ ezie na Te Ika-a-Maui / North Island nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu. Snow zuru ebe nile na nnukwu snow dara na Wellington na nke mbụ n'ime afọ iri abụọ, na Auckland oge mbụ kemgbe afọ 1930. N'agbanyeghị nke a, snowstorms emeghị ka ndị Kiwi, ọkachasị ụmụaka, kwụsị.[29][30]
  • Oge oyi nke 2010-11 na Great Britain na Ireland - A na-akpọ oge oyi a The Big Freeze site na mgbasa ozi mba na United Kingdom na Ireland ma ọ bụ oge oyi kachasị jụụ na Britain ruo afọ 31 na nkezi okpomọkụ nke 1.51 (34.72 ). UK nwere Disemba kachasị jụụ, ebe ọ bụ na ndekọ malitere na 1910, na okpomọkụ nke -1 °C (30.2 ). Ọ mebiri ihe ndekọ gara aga nke 0.1 °C (32.18 ), nke e debere na Disemba 1981.

2009-2010

  • Oké oyi metụtara ọtụtụ n'ime Deep South na United States na Florida na Jenụwarị na Febụwarị 2010.
  • Oge oyi nke 2009-10 na Great Britain na Ireland - Oge oyi nke afọ 2009-10 na United Kingdom (nke a na-akpọkwa The Big Freeze site na mgbasa ozi Britain) bụ ihe omume ihu igwe nke malitere na 16 Disemba 2009, dị ka akụkụ nke ihu igwe oyi siri ike na Europe. Jenụwarị 2010 bụ Jenụwarụwarị kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1987 gafee mba ahụ.[31] Ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide nke ifufe oyi si n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ wetara ikuku oyi, ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na United Kingdom na ọtụtụ snow na-ezo, ihu na ala polar na-eweta ihu igwe snow na ya.
  • Snow mbụ malitere na 17 Disemba 2009, tupu ezumike n'oge Krismas.[32] Ọnọdụ ihu igwe kachasị njọ malitere na Jenụwarị 5 na North West England na ọdịda anyanwụ Scotland na okpomọkụ na-adaba na -17.6 °C (0.3 ) na Greater Manchester, England.[33] Snow ahụ gbasara na Southern England na 6 Jenụwarị na 7 Jenụwarụ United Kingdom kpuchiri na snow, nke NASA's Terra satellite weghaara.[32][34] Mmiri gbazee bịara otu izu ka e mesịrị, ka okpomọkụ malitere ịrị elu.[32] Ọnọdụ ihu igwe n'oge oyi wetara nsogbu njem zuru oke, mmechi ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọdịda ike, yigharịa ihe omume egwuregwu na ọnwụ 25. E dekọrọ ala nke -22.3 °C (−8.1 ) na Altnaharra, Scotland na 8 Jenụwarị 2010. N'ozuzu ya, ọ bụ oge oyi kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1978-79, na nkezi okpomọkụ nke 1.5 °C (34.7 ).
  • 2009-10 European cold wave - Ọ dịkarịa ala iri itoolu nwụrụ anwụ mgbe okpomọkụ dị ala na nnukwu snow na-ada na Europe na-akpata ọgba aghara njem na ọtụtụ n'ime kọntinent ahụ gụnyere British Isles, France, Low Countries, Germany, Austria, Italy, Poland, Baltic States, Balkans, Ukraine na Russia. Ọ bụ oge oyi kachasị jụụ na oge oyi kachasị ogologo maka afọ iri atọ na United Kingdom, ebe okpomọkụ dị n'elu ugwu Alpine nke Ịtali ruru ala ruo -47 °C (-52.6 ).

 

  • Febụwarị 2009 Great Britain na Ireland snowfall - Febụwarụ 2009 Great Britain and Ireland snowfall bụ ogologo oge snowfall nke malitere na 1 Febụwariri 2009. Mpaghara ụfọdụ nwere oke snow na-ada n'ime afọ iri na asatọ.[35] Snow dara n'ọtụtụ ebe n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe.[36] United Kingdom's Met Office na Ireland's Met Éireann nyere ịdọ aka ná ntị ihu igwe siri ike na-atụ anya snow na-ada. Ihe karịrị sentimita 30 (12 in) nke snow dara n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke North Downs na ihe karịrị sentimita 20 (8 in) n'akụkụ ndị dị na London.[37] Snow dị otú ahụ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na London.[38] N'ụtụtụ nke 6 Febụwarị, ọtụtụ ndị Great Britain na Ireland nwere snow kpuchiri, ebe mpaghara gbara Bristol Channel gburugburu (South Wales (Cardiff area) na South West England (Bristol area)) kacha emetụta - 55 centimeters (22 in) biri n'otu abalị gburugburu Okehampton, Devon, South West England na omimi yiri nke ahụ na South Wales. Na Ireland, e dekọrọ ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu gburugburu East Kildare na Wicklow County ruru sentimita iri na otu (28 ) dara gburugburu Naas, County Kildare nakwa karịa n'akụkụ Ugwu Wicklow. Oge ikpeazụ snow na-ada na Britain bụ na Febụwarị 1991.[39] N'ụbọchị nke abụọ, ngụkọta nke sentimita 32 (13 in) dara na Leatherhead, Surrey dị ndịda nke M25. Ọzọkwa sentimita 30 (12 in) adaala na South Downs na sentimita 26 (10 in) ndị dị elu nke Brighton.
  • Na mbido afọ 2009 European Cold Wave - Na mbido Jenụwarị nyere ọtụtụ n'ime Europe, ọkachasị n'etiti na ndịda oke oyi. Ebe ụfọdụ dị ka Germany, France, Italy, Romania na Spain nwere okpomọkụ oyi dị n'okpuru 0 °C (32 ). Snow na ice kpuchiri ọtụtụ ebe ahụ nke mere ka ụlọ akwụkwọ mechie ma mee ka ọdụ ụgbọ elu na-egbu oge. Obodo ukwu dị ka Paris, Madrid, Berlin na ọbụna Marseille hụrụ oke oyi na snow na ice na Northern Italy, ọtụtụ n'ime Germany, n'ebe ugwu Portugal na ọbụna n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri Mediterenian. Na mbido ọnwa Febụwarị, ihu oyi ọzọ wetara nnukwu snow n'ọtụtụ ebe n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe na snow kachasị njọ na France, Northern Italy, Low Countries na United Kingdom, ebe akụkụ ndịda England hụrụ snow kachasị njọ n'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri na asatọ na-akpata ọgba aghara njem karịsịa gburugburu London.

2008

  • 2008 Alaska oyi wave - Na mbido Febụwarị, Alaska nwere okpomọkụ kachasị jụụ ruo afọ asatọ, na Fairbanks na-eru nso -50 (-45.6 °C) na Chicken, Alaska, na-agbadata na -72 (-57.8 ), naanị asatọ (4.4 ) site na ndekọ nke -80 °F (-62.2 ). Ọkara mbụ nke Jenụwarị wetakwara ihu igwe oyi na nnukwu snow na mpaghara ndị dị na China na Middle East, snow dara na Baghdad na nke mbụ kemgbe afọ 1910.
  • 2008 Greece oyi wave February 16 - ihe kachasị njọ oyi nke were ụbọchị atọ mgbe 2002 gasịrị - Na February 14 nnukwu usoro nrụgide dị elu n'etiti Greenland na Scandinavia gbasaa site na Arctic Ocean ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Mediterenian yana nnukwu usoro nrụrụ aka dị ala na Siberia nke mere ka ikuku oyi dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe rute Gris na February 16. Mmiri oyi nke na-agafe n'oké osimiri Aegean mere ka snow na-emetụta ọdọ mmiri na-ada ihe karịrị 40 cm nke snow na Athens na mpaghara Chaidari. Na mgbakwunye, ọ kpatara nnukwu nsogbu na obodo ahụ ma kagbuo ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe ọjọọ.[40]

2007

  • 2007 Northern Hemisphere cold wave - Canada niile na ọtụtụ n'ime United States nwere oyi mgbe izu abụọ nke okpomọkụ mere na ngwụcha Machị na mmalite Eprel. Ihe ọkụkụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, ifufe wee buru, snow wee kpuchie ọtụtụ n'ime United States. Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Europe nwetakwara okpomọkụ oyi pụrụ iche, n'oge ahụ.
  • Julaị 2007 Oké ifufe oyi nke Argentina - Mmekọrịta ya na mpaghara nke usoro nrụgide dị ala gafee Argentina n'oge Julaị 6, 7 na 8 nke afọ 2007, na ntinye nke nnukwu oyi na-eme ka nnukwu snow na snow na-ada, na okpomọkụ edere n'okpuru -32 °C (-26 ). Mmiri oyi ahụ si n'ebe ndịda gaa n'etiti etiti mba ahụ, na-aga n'ihu na-agagharị n'ebe ugwu n'oge Satọdee, July 7. Na Mọnde, Julaị 9, ọnụnọ nke ikuku oyi n'otu oge, mere ka snow na-ada. Ihe omume a gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ.[41]

2005-2006

  • 2005-06 European cold wave - Eastern Europe na Russia hụrụ oge oyi dị egwu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha hụrụ oyi kachasị na ndekọ ma ọ bụ kemgbe afọ 1970. Snow jupụtara n'ebe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, dịka na ndịda Spain na Northern Africa. Ọnwa niile nke oge oyi ahụ hụrụ okpomọkụ dị ala karịa nkezi gafee kọntinent ahụ.

2004-2005

  • 2004-2005 Southern Europe cold wave - Ebe niile dị na Southern Europe hụrụ oge oyi siri ike. Ọnọdụ oyi a kpatara snow na Algeria, nke bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe. Ndịda Spain na Morocco dekwara okpomọkụ oyi, a hụkwara okpomọkụ na-ajụ oyi n'ebe ugwu Portugal na Spain.
  • 2004 Febụwarị oyi na Gris na Febụwarụ 12 - ikuku kachasị jụụ dakwasịrị Gris na narị afọ nke 21 ruo taa - a dọtara ikuku oyi nke ukwuu site na North Pole n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe n'ihi usoro nrụgide dị elu na ọdịda anyanwụ Scandinavia gbasaa na ndịda Europe, na-akpata usoro nrụgide ala na Balkans. Mmiri oyi ahụ mechara gaa n'ebe ndịda wee kụọ Gris ma mee ka okpomọkụ dị ala, mmiri ozuzo kpụkọrọ akpụkọ, snow na-ada n'Atens, snow na'elu agwaetiti Krit, snow na na-ada ọbụna n'ebe kachasị n'ebe ugwu nke Gris na Gavdos Island. N'etiti abalị nke Febụwarị 13 okpomọkụ na Athens dara ngwa ngwa nke mere ka mmiri ozuzo kpụkọọ nke na ice kpuchiri osisi niile, na-esote ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke snow 25 cm na etiti Athens na ihe karịrị 50 cm na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'ụtụtụ nke Febụwarị 13 ka edere okpomọkụ kachasị ala nke narị afọ nke 21 n'etiti Athens ruo taa nke -5 °C (23 °F) degrees (ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ihu igwe dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke etiti obodo na elu dị elu nke edere -7 °C (19,4 °F)) nke mere ka mmiri kwụsị ma ndị bi na ya ga-eme ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri na-agba ọzọ.[42]
  • 2004 Ọrịa oyi na Jenụwarị, Northeast United States - New England dị nso n'ọnwa ndekọ mgbe ihu igwe Arctic na-akpata ihu igwe oyi na-adịghị ahụkebe. Boston nwere Jenụwarị oyi kachasị kemgbe 1893 (19.7 , -6.8 °C), mgbe ọ dị 20.7 (−6.3 ), na nke kachasị ala na 27.2 °F (-2.7 ). Virginia Beach nwere oge dị ogologo nke ihu igwe oyi. Ebe ụfọdụ dị n'ebe ugwu New York hụrụ 150 sentiita (3.81 m) nke snow n'ime otu ọnwa. Ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ hụkwara mmetụta ahụ.

2002

  • 2002 Mmiri oyi na Gris Jenụwarị 4 - nnukwu snow mbụ nke narị afọ nke 21 na Athens, Gris mere na Jenụwarụ 4, were ụbọchị atọ ma kpatara nnukwu nsogbu n'obodo ahụ. Nnukwu snow na-ada n'etiti abalị nke Jenụwarị 5 hapụrụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 15 cm nke snow n'ala n'etiti obodo Athens, mpaghara ugwu nke Athens nwetara ihe karịrị 50 cm.[43]

Ebili mmiri oyi nke narị afọ nke 20 (1901-2000)

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

2000

  • Julaị 2000 bụ otu n'ime ọnwa kachasị jụụ na South America. Mmiri oyi anọ na-agafe na kọntinent ahụ n'ime izu abụọ, na-akpata oke okpomọkụ n'ọtụtụ mba. Asunción debanyere aha -1 °C (31 °F), Buenos Aires (Ezeiza Airport) ruru n'ókè dị ka -3 °C (27 °F), na Brazil ọtụtụ obodo dekọrọ okpomọkụ kachasị ala n'ọtụtụ afọ. Curitiba nwere ụbọchị 7 dị egwu nke oyi, na-arị elu na -4 °C (26 °F), na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke steeti ndịda Rio Grande do Sul na Santa Catarina ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ -10 °C (14 °F). Snow dakwara nke ukwuu na steeti ndị a. Ọnọdụ oyi ahụ ruru Amazon, na ụfọdụ obodo ndị dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke oké ọhịa na-eru nso okpomọkụ nke 10 °C (50 °F).

1997

  • 1997 Northern Plains cold air outbreak - Mid-January gafee Northern U.S. bụ otu n'ime ikuku kachasị na ndekọ. Na ala nke -40 (−40.0 °C) n'ebe ụfọdụ, ifufe kpatara oke oyi mgbe ụfọdụ na-eru nso -80 °F (-62.2 ). Akụkụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu nke North Dakota hụrụ ihe ruru sentiita 90 (2.29 m) nke snow. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọrịa ikuku oyi kachasị njọ n'afọ ndị 1990.

1996

  • 1996 Great Midwest cold outbreak - Ngwụcha Jenụwarị na mbido Febụwarị bụ oge oyi kachasị mkpirikpi na Northern Minnesota. E dekọrọ ala dị ala nke -60 °F (-51.1 ) na Tower, Minnesota. Obodo ndị dị ka Minneapolis nwere okpomọkụ dị nso na -35 °F (-37.2 ).

1995

  • 1995 White Earthquake na ndịda Chile - N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1995, e nwere oke oyi nke nwere ihu oyi abụọ na-esote n'ebe ndịda Chile. Ụkọ ụkọ nri kpatara oke ụnwụ anụ ụlọ. E liri ehi na atụrụ na snow. N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Tierra del Fuego ihe ruru 80% nke atụrụ nwụrụ.
  • Disemba 1995 Great Britain cold wave - Na 30th nke Disemba United Kingdom dekọrọ ndekọ dị ala nke -27.2 °C (-17.0 ) na Altnaharra na Scotland na-adaba na ndekọ e debere na Febụwarị 11, 1895, na Jenụwarị 10, 1982.

1994

  • 1994 Northern US / Southern Canada cold outbreak - Jenụwarị 1994 bụ ọnwa kachasị jụụ e dekọrọ ma ọ bụ kemgbe Jenụwarụ 1977 ma ọ bụ Febụwarị 1934 n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ugwu etiti United States, tinyere ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ Canada. E debere ọtụtụ ihe ndekọ n'otu abalị. Ntiwapụ oyi gara n'ihu ruo n'ọnwa Febụwarị mana ike ya belatara. Detroit, Michigan hụrụ okpomọkụ kachasị jụụ n'obodo ahụ kemgbe afọ 1985.

1990-1991

  • Disemba 1990 ọdịda anyanwụ United States - Oké oyi si Canada daa na ọkara nke abụọ nke Disemba, na-akpata okpomọkụ dị ala na West Coast, gụnyere otu n'ime oyi kachasị njọ na California kemgbe 1949.
  • Oge oyi nke 1990-91 na Western Europe - A maara oge oyi a maka mmetụta ya karịsịa na United Kingdom na maka nnukwu snow abụọ nke mere na Disemba 1990 na Febụwarị 1991, a gaghị ahụ snow dị otú ahụ ọzọ ruo na Febụwaị 2009. Oge oyi bụ nke kachasị jụụ kemgbe Jenụwarị 1987.

1989

  • Disemba 1989 United States cold wave - Na ngwụcha afọ 1989, etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ United States hụrụ otu n'ime December kachasị jụụ na ndekọ. E mere Krismas ọcha.
  • Febụwarị 1989 gosipụtara oke oyi dị ịrịba ama, nke were otu izu gafee Western United States. Obodo ukwu ndị oyi ahụ metụtara sitere na Seattle, WA ruo n'ebe ndịda dị ka Los Angeles, CA. Las Vegas setịpụrụ ndekọ dị ala maka Febụwarị na 16 °F (−8.9 ) degrees na Febụwarụ 7, 1989.

1987

  • Jenụwarị 1987 Snowfall nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ England - Nke a bụ ọnwa oyi na-atụ maka United Kingdom na snow, ọkachasị maka ndịda ọ bụla n'ebe ndịda ọ bụ n'ebe dị oke egwu nke na-emetụta mpaghara East Anglia, ndịda ọpụpụ England na London n'etiti 11 na 14 Jenụwarụwarị. Ọ bụ snow kachasị njọ kemgbe 1981/82.
  • Machị 1987 Ebili mmiri oyi nke Gris - ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ikuku oyi - Ebili mmiri mmiri oyi nke Machị '87 were ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụbọchị iri na Atens na ndị ọzọ n'ebe ugwu Gris dị ka akụkọ ihu igwe si kwuo ma kpatara ya site na ikuku oyi nke tọrọ n'ógbè Gris mgbe a gbatịrị usoro nrụgide dị elu na-ebugharị ikuku oyi nke Russia.[44]

1985-1986

  • Oge oyi nke 1985/86 na United Kingdom - Ọnọdụ oyi malitere na Nọvemba 1985 na ọnwa ahụ dị ala karịa nkezi, na-abụ nke kachasị jụụ kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala 1925. Disemba 1985 bụ ọnwa dị nro na Jenụwarị dị nso na nkezi. Febụwarị bụ ọnwa kachasị jụụ kemgbe Febụwarụ 1947 na United Kingdom ma ọ ghọrọ Febụwar'u nke ise kachasị jụụ na ndekọ CET nke malitere na 1659.

1985

  • Jenụwarị 1985 US oyi na-efe - Na Jenụwarụ 21, 1985, oyi dị nnọọ ukwuu nke na President Ronald Reagan na-eme emume mmeghe na Capitol Rotunda. Na mgbakwunye na oyi na Washington, D.C., Miami Beach dekọrọ naanị oyi ya kemgbe ndekọ malitere, na-adịru awa atọ zuru ezu. Ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ndịda setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ oyi niile.
  • Jenụwarị 1985 - Jenụwarụwarị afọ 1985 bụ Jenụwaray kachasị jụụ kemgbe afọ 1979 na United Kingdom nke nwere oke okpomọkụ dị ala.
  • 1985 Great Western cold air outbreak - February 1985 hụrụ okpomọkụ nke abụọ kachasị jụụ na US nke -69 °F (-56.1 ) na Peter Sinks, Utah. dị ka otu ọnwa nke oke oyi metụtara akụkụ dị ukwuu nke mba ahụ. 1985 ghọrọ afọ kalenda nke anọ kachasị jụụ na ndekọ na Pacific Northwest.

1983

  • Disemba 1983 Great Plains cold wave - US dị n'akụkụ nwere Krismas kachasị jụụ na 1983, ma e wezụga ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ US. Ifufe oyi siri ike si Canada na-efe ma ihe dị ka 70% nke ọnwa ahụ jụrụ oyi karịa nkezi. Ọtụtụ ebe dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Rockies mebiri ndekọ oyi nke Disemba na Christmas Eve. Na mgbakwunye na -23 (−30.6 °C) oyi, mpaghara Sioux Falls nwere ifufe 60 mph (97 km / h) na-eweta oyi ikuku na -70 °F (-56.7 ). Okpomọkụ dị elu erughị -10 °F (-23.3 ) n'ebe ugwu Illinois n'oge ụbọchị tupu Krismas.[45] Okpomọkụ dara n'okpuru 0 °F (-17.8 ) na Disemba 15 ma nọrọ ebe ahụ ihe karịrị ụbọchị itoolu na Sioux Falls.[46] Minneapolis dekọrọ nkezi okpomọkụ maka ọnwa nke 3.7 °F (-15.7 ), nke kachasị jụụ na ndekọ.[47] Na Chicago, okpomọkụ nke -23 (−30.6 °C) na ifufe 30 mph mere ka ikuku jụọ oyi nke -82 °F (-63.3 ) (−57 (−49.4 ) n'okpuru usoro ọhụrụ) na Christmas Eve.

1981-1982

  • Ọrịa ikuku oyi na Jenụwarị 1982 - Jenụwarụ 1982 jụrụ ezigbo oyi. Egwuregwu 1981 AFC Championship, nke emere na Cincinnati, a na-akpọ ya "Freezer Bowl" n'ihi -9 (-22.8 °C) okpomọkụ na kickoff na -59 °F (-50.6 ) ikuku oyi. A makwaara Sunday nke izu na-esote (Jenụwarị 17, 1982) dị ka Cold Sunday. Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Midway na O'Hare nke Chicago dekọrọ okpomọkụ dị ala nke -26 °F (-32 ). Milwaukee, Wisconsin dekọrọ okpomọkụ nke -26 °F (-32 ) na Jenụwarị 17, nke kachasị ala na afọ 111 n'ebe ahụ. Okpomọkụ e dekọrọ nke -5 °F (-21 ) na Atlanta na Jackson, Mississippi.[48]
  • Oge oyi nke 1981/82 na United Kingdom - Nke a bụ oyi dị ukwuu karịa oge oyi. Disemba malitere nke ọma na okpomọkụ ruru 15 °C (59 ), mana ọ ghọrọ oyi na snow ngwa ngwa. A maara abalị nke 12th-13th karịsịa maka okpomọkụ oyi ya na ọtụtụ ndekọ mebiri. Jenụwarị 1982 bụkwa ọnwa oyi na snow na-agbaji na ndekọ na 10th na England na Scotland. England dekọrọ ọkwa dị ala nke -26.1 °C (-15.0 °F) na -27.2 (17.0 ).

1979

  • Mmiri oyi nke 1979 - oyi zuru ebe niile na mba ahụ. Otu n'ime nnukwu snowstorms nke Chicago n'akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge ahụ, na 21 sentimita nke snow na-ada n'ime ụbọchị abụọ, 1979 Chicago Blizzard mere n'oge ebili mmiri oyi na Jenụwarị.

1978

  • Mmiri oyi nke mmalite 1978 - Mepụtara otu n'ime oge oyi kachasị jụụ na steeti niile dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Rockies, ma e wezụga Maine.
  • Europe na Eshia, oge oyi nke 1978-1979, nke Oké Osimiri Kara 1978 kpatara. A chọpụtara ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara polar na Moscow, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), na Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), na-emetụta nhazi na ụlọ ọrụ ike, ma na-akpata ọkụ na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia Beloyarskaya.[49] Ịkụ oyi, mana enweghị snow mere ka ihe ọkụkụ daa n'oge oyi n'afọ 1979.

1977

  • Mmiri oyi nke Jenụwarị 1977. Oké oyi kachasị ukwuu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ US na narị afọ nke 20. Isi nke ikuku oyi sitere na New Hampshire ruo Florida na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Iowa na Missouri. Ohio nọ n'etiti ikuku oyi ebe ụlọ ọrụ ihu igwe ọ bụla dị n'ebe ahụ dekọrọ ọnwa oyi kachasị na ndekọ. Cincinnati dekọrọ okpomọkụ kachasị ala a maara nke -25 °F (-32 ) site na 1820. E dekọrọ okpomọkụ ndekọ nke steeti South Carolina nke -20 °F (−29 ) n'oge ebili mmiri oyi a na nso Long Creek. Ikuku oyi na Minneapolis bụ -78 °F (-61 ) na Jenụwarị 28, nke nwere ike ịbụ nke kachasị ala e dekọrọ ebe ahụ ruo n'oge ahụ. Snow dara na Miami na Homestead Florida, snow kachasị n'ebe ndịda ka edere na America. Onye isi ala Jimmy Carter gara ije na ngagharị mmeghe ya na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru oyi na Jenụwarị 20. Buffalo, New York nwere oké ifufe kachasị njọ n'izu ikpeazụ nke Jenụwarị ebe ifufe na-efe n'akụkụ ya mere ka ọnọdụ na-acha ọcha ruo ụbọchị atọ. Okpoọkụ na Buffalo dị gburugburu 0 (-18 °C), oyi nke e dekọrọ nke -60 °F (-51 ), na snow ahụ kpọnwụrụ obodo ahụ site na snow nke ruru 30 feet (9.1 m).[50]

Oge oyi 1977-1979

  • Ná ngwụsị afọ 1970 (1977, 1978, 1979) - N'ime afọ atọ ikpeazụ nke afọ 1970, fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ United States niile nwere ọ dịkarịa ala otu oge oyi na ebili mmiri oyi a na-agaghị echefu echefu, na oge oyi nke 1978-79 bụ nke kachasị jụụ na ndekọ na 48 dị ala, na ebe niile, ma e wezụga na-ajụ oyi n'ebe ugwu Maine, na-enwe ọ dị ala karịa okpomọkụ.

1975

  • Julaị 1975 bụ ọnwa akụkọ ihe mere eme na South America. Otu n'ime ebili mmiri oyi kachasị ike na narị afọ ahụ rịgooro na kọntinent ahụ, ọbụnakwa gafee Equator na Amazon Forest. Na Julaị 16, snow dara nke ukwuu na Argentina, na n'ụbọchị na-esote na Paraguay na Southern Brazil. Na Curitiba, snow dara ruo ihe dị ka awa 3, na-agbakọta n'ala, ọbụlagodi n'etiti obodo. E debara aha ihe omume ahụ na steeti ise, ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị, okpomọkụ ahụ dalatara ọbụna karịa. Na steeti Paraná, ihe ọkụkụ kọfị nwụrụ site na oyi ojii (ọ na-eme mgbe anụ ahụ na-ajụ oyi ma nwụọ), ụfọdụ obodo dekọrọ -10 °C (14 °F), n'etiti okpomọkụ kachasị ala edere na mba ahụ. Ebili mmiri oyi ahụ ruru 10°N tupu ọ gbasaa.[51]

1968-1969

  • Oge oyi nke 1968-69 na Central Asia - Central Asia na ọdịda anyanwụ Siberia hụrụ oge oyi kachasị jụụ na ndekọ na 1968-69, na Central Asia kwa mmiri kachasị ha, na-emepụta okpomọkụ dị ala, oké snow na avalanches, ọtụtụ ọnwụ osisi na idei mmiri.[52][53] Mgbe ụfọdụ, oyi ahụ na-abanye n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, na-akpata snow na oyi na China na Japan.
  • 1969 Northwest North American cold wave - December 1968 na January 1969 hụrụ oke oyi na snow na Pacific Northwest na Southern BC. Vancouver, BC dekọrọ okpomọkụ kachasị jụụ na ndekọ nke -23.3 (−9.9 °F) na Jenụwarị 23, 1969, na -18.3 °C-−0.9 na ọdụ ụgbọ elu na Disemba 29, 1968. Seattle dekọrọ oge oyi snow kachasị na ndekọ ya na 67.5 sentimita (171 ) maka oge ahụ na Sea-Tac Airport.

1966

  • 1966 Western Canadian cold wave - Jenụwarị 1966 bụ Jenụwarụ kachasị jụụ na Yukon na nke kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1950 ma ọ bụ 1936 na Prairie Provinces, oke oyi ahụ gara n'ihu na Machị, mgbe Winnipeg dekọrọ snow kachasị njọ n'oge oyi.

1962-1963

  • Jenụwarị 1963 ebili mmiri oyi na Mid-Western United States, yana oge oyi dị mkpirikpi ma siri ike na ọdịda anyanwụ United States.
  • Oge oyi nke 1962-63 na United Kingdom - Oge oyi nke afọ 1962-63 bụ nke kachasị jụụ ruo afọ 223 n'England, ikuku siri ike nke si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na oyi nke osimiri na iyi.

1956

  • 1956 European cold wave - February 1956 bụ ọnwa kachasị jụụ na narị afọ nke iri abụọ n'elu nnukwu mpaghara nke Western Europe, na nkezi okpomọkụ n'okpuru 0 °C (32 ) ruo n'ebe ndịda dị ka Marseilles bụ nke a na-ahụtụbeghị na ndekọ ndị malitere na narị afọ iri na asatọ.[52]

1954-1955

  • Oge oyi nke 1954-1955 na East Asia - Otu n'ime oge oyi kachasị jụụ na ndekọ gafee China. Ọtụtụ nnukwu osimiri na ọdọ mmiri kpọnwụrụ n'ebe ndịda China, gụnyere Osimiri Huai, Osimiri Han, na Ọdọ Mmiri Dongting.

1955

  • N'etiti ngwụcha ọnwa Julaị na mmalite ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1955, e debara aha ebili mmiri oyi kachasị ike e dekọrọ na Brazil. Ọ gbachiri nnukwu snow ruo ihe karịrị awa 24 n'obodo ụfọdụ dị n'ebe ndịda mba ahụ, na-agbakọta ihe karịrị ụkwụ 2 (60 cm) na mpaghara ugwu nke Rio Grande do Sul na Santa Catarina steeti. Mmiri oyi rutere Amazon ma gafee Equator, nke dị oke ụkọ. Okpomọkụ dara na -10 °C (14 °F) na Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, na -2 °C (29 °F) n'São Paulo (enwetụbeghị okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma n'obodo ahụ).

1950

  • 1950 Northwest North American cold wave - Jenụwarị 1950 hụrụ oyi na snow na-enweghị atụ na Pacific Northwest, na Seattle na Portland, Oregon, ha abụọ na-ada n'okpuru 0 °F (-17.8 ) ma na-enweta nnukwu snow nke mebiri njem na agụmakwụkwọ n'ihi na enweghị ike iwepụ ya n'ụzọ dị mfe. Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Canada hụrụ ọnwa kachasị jụụ na ndekọ, na-eduga na mmebi siri ike na mkpụrụ osisi na Ndagwurugwu Okanagan, oyi nke Ọdọ Mmiri Okanagan maka naanị oge kemgbe 1862, na naanị ọnwa Calgary ebe okpomọkụ nọgidere na-erughị 32 ° F (0 ° C) n'ebe niile. Vancouver, British Columbia, nwere nkezi okpomọkụ nke -6.3 (20.7 °F), ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi 4.1 °C (39.4 ).[54][55]

1949

  • Jenụwarị 1949 Western United States oyi wave - Oge oyi nke 1948-49 bụ nke kachasị jụụ kemgbe 1891 n'elu Western United States ma hụ snow na-ada, oké ifufe ice ruo n'ebe ndịda dị ka Texas, na nkwụsịtụ na-aga n'ihu na njem n'elu ala, yana nnukwu mfu na anụ ụlọ na ihe ọkụkụ. E dekọrọ oge oyi kachasị jụụ n'ọtụtụ ebe na California, Nevada, Idaho na steeti Washington. Oké snow na-esokwa oyi ahụ nke kewapụrụ anụ ụlọ Wyoming ma kpọnwụọ mpaghara Great Basin. Ndị agha US na-agba ọsọ "Operation Hay Lift" na mpaghara ahụ iji weta nri na ahịhịa site na ụgbọelu gaa n'ugbo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na mpaghara ahụ. Las Vegas Nevada nwetara ndekọ 16.7 in (420 ) nke snow na-ada n'ọnwa Jenụwarị. Snow dara na San Diego na Los Angeles n'ụbọchị atọ na Jenụwarị 1949. Ihe ndekọ oge niile nke 0 °F na San Antonio, Texas.[56]

1947

  • Oge oyi nke 1946-47 na United Kingdom
  • Febụwarị 1947 hụrụ okpomọkụ kachasị jụụ na Canada, na -62.8 °C na Snag, Yukon.

1941-1942

1940

  • Jenụwarị 1940 Southern United States cold wave - Ngwụcha Jenụwarụwarị hụrụ oke oyi na snow gafee Southern United States. Ọ bụ ọnwa kachasị jụụ n'ebe ahụ kemgbe Febụwarị 1899.

1937

  • 1937 Western United States cold wave - Jenụwarị 1937 bụ ọnwa kachasị jụụ na West ma hụ snow na-ada ruo n'ebe ndịda dị ka obodo ọzara na-ekpo ọkụ nke Yuma, Arizona, maka otu n'ime naanị oge abụọ na ndekọ. California na Nevada hụrụ okpomọkụ kachasị ala na ndekọ: -45 °F (−42.8 °C) na Boca na Jenụwarị 20 na -50 (−45.6 ) Na San Jacinto na Jenụwaị 8.[58]

1936

  • 1936 North American cold wave - The cold wave of 1936 bụ naanị oyi nke 1930s na-emetụta United States n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke otu narị meridian. Otu n'ime oge oyi kachasị jụụ na Great Plains e dekọrọ. Okpomọkụ dị ala dara n'okpuru -50 °F (−46 °C) na Malta, Montana n'ụbọchị anọ dị iche iche na ọtụtụ n'ime Montana dị na 20 degrees n'okpuru nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọnwa niile nke Febụwarị Parshall, North Dakota ruru -60 (-151 ) ka bụ ndekọ. Langdon, North Dakota nọgidere n'okpuru 0 °F (-18 ) maka ụbọchị 41 na-aga n'ihu site na Jenụwarị 11 ruo Febụwarị 20, ogologo oge kachasị ogologo n'akụkọ ihe mere eme maka US na-abụghị Alaska. Otu n'ime oge okpomọkụ kachasị ọkụ na ndekọ sochiri ebili mmiri oyi ahụ, ebili mmiri okpomọkụ nke 1936 North America.[59]

1934

  • Febụwarị 1934 Oké oyi na New England na Eastern Canada - Oge kachasị ogologo nke ihu igwe oyi a hụtụrụla ruo ugbu a. Nkezi okpomọkụ na elu New England na Eastern Canada dị gburugburu zero degrees Fahrenheit maka ihe ka ukwuu n'ọnwa. A kọrọ na Ọdọ Mmiri Ontario kpọnwụrụ kpamkpam. Okpomọkụ ruru n'elu oyi naanị n'otu ụbọchị na Burlington, VT na Febụwarị.[60]

1933

  • 1933 Western United States cold wave - Oge oyi nke 1932-33 bụ nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke atọ kachasị jụụ na ndekọ n'ọtụtụ n'ime West (nke kachasị jụụ n'ihe ndekọ na Arizona) ma hụ okpomọkụ oyi na Seneca, Oregon (-54 °F / 48 °C), Moran, Wyoming (-66 °F / 54 °C) na Seminole, Texas (-23 °F / 31 °F) n'etiti February 7 na 10, mgbe a na-ata ọnwụ iri isii maka oke oyi na oké ifufe ice.[61][62][58]

1932

  • Nnukwu ntiwapụ oyi metụtara California na Jenụwarị, Febụwarị na Disemba. Ihe ruru sentimita abụọ nke snow dara gafee Los Angeles Basin na Jenụwarị 15, ma dekọọ sentimita abụọ na Downtown Los Angeles Weather Bureau Office.[63] Snow dakwara na San Francisco n'ụbọchị atọ na Disemba 1932.

1930

  • Oké ifufe jụrụ oyi dakwasịrị ọdịda anyanwụ United States na Jenụwarị 1930. Intim abụọ nke snow dara na Palm Springs, CA na Jenụwarị 11, otu n'ime naanị ugboro abụọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ahụ na a hụrụ snow.[64]

1917-1918

  • Oge oyi nke 1917-1918 - Oge oyi jụrụ ezigbo oyi n'ofe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ ma mepụta nsogbu ọkụ ọkụ nke ruru naanị na Jenụwarị 1977. Oké oyi na Disemba 1917 na Jenụwarị 1918 n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Disemba 30 setịpụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala n'oge ahụ na New York City (−13 , −25 °C) na Boston (−15 , -26 ).[65] N'okpuru ọnọdụ dị mma maka ịjụ oyi radiation, gụnyere snow dị ọhụrụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ihu igwe doro anya, n'ụtụtụ Disemba 30, 1917, oyi dị egwu na akụkụ Virginia na West Virginia, na okpomọkụ oyi niile (nke guzo ruo taa) edere n'ọtụtụ obodo, gụnyere -37 °F (−38 °C) na Lewisburg (−37 ) na White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, -25 (-32 ) n'ogige ndị Blackburg. Jenụwarị 1918 wetakwara okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide n'okpuru nkezi maka ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Midwest, na ikuku ọzọ na-ajụ oyi na mbido Febụwarị (New York City Central Park dị elu nke naanị 4 (-16 °C) na Febụwarụ 5 bụ ndekọ kwa ọnwa, ebe Michigan's Houghton Lake ruru ala nke -48 °F (-44 ) n'ọnwa Febụwariri 1). Osimiri Ohio kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ n'ogologo ya niile.
  • Mmiri oyi a mere ọ bụghị naanị na America kamakwa n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. Na Seoul, ihu igwe dị ọkụ na mbido Disemba 1917, mana okpomọkụ agafeghị karịa (32 °F, 0 ) n'oge ebili mmiri oyi site na Disemba 15-Jenụwarị 9. Na mgbakwunye, okpomọkụ dị ala karịa (14 °F, -10 ) site na Disemba 15-31. Ebili mmiri oyi ahụ dị oke egwu site na Disemba 26-27 na okpomọkụ dị ala na Disemba 16 bụ (0.32 °F, -17.60 °C), ebe okpomọkụ kachasị elu bụ (9.86 , −12.30 ). N'ụbọchị ahụ, Incheon dekọrọ okpomọkụ dị elu nke (9.14 °F, -12.70 ), nke a bụ nke atọ kachasị ala n'oge oyi. Ọzọkwa, okpomọkụ dị ala na Disemba 27 bụ (−4.72 °F, -20.40 ), okpomọkụ a bụ okpomọkụ nke abụọ kachasị jụụ e dekọrọ na Disemba na Seoul. (Nke kachasị ala bụ (−9.58 , −23.10 ) na Disemba 31, 1927). Mmiri oyi ahụ gara n'ihu ruo na Jenụwarị 1918, ebe ọ kara njọ. Okpomọkụ dị ala na Jenụwarị 3 bụ (−7.24 , −21.80 ). Okpomọkụ dịtụ ọkụ na Jenụwarị 14, mana ihu igwe ka na-ajụ oyi, na okpomọkụ dị ala dị na (14 °F, -10 ) ma ọ bụ dị ala ruo Jenụwarụ 28. Na-eduga na Febụwarị, ebili mmiri oyi a kwụsịrị. Seoul nwere nkezi okpomọkụ nke (21.74 °F, -5.70 °C) na Disemba 1917, nkezi kachasị ala edere na Disemba, ma dekọọ nkezi okirikiri nke (18.5 , −7.5 ) Na Jenụwarị 1918, nke isii kachasị ala edekọ na Jenụwaray.[66]
  • Ebili mmiri oyi ahụ metụtakwara North Korea, okpomọkụ kachasị ala na Pyeongyang bụ (−11.74 , −24.30 ) na Disemba 1917.[67] Ọzọkwa, nkezi okpomọkụ bụ (12.56 °F, -10.80 ).)[68]

1916-1917

  • Oge oyi nke 1916-1917 - "oge oyi dị ogologo" (Ọktoba ruo Machị) nke 1916-17 bụ nke kachasị jụụ na West na Midwest.

1912

  • Jenụwarị 1912 - Oké ebili mmiri oyi nke United States nke 1912 mere ka oge kachasị ogologo e dekọrọ n'okpuru 0 °F ma ọ bụ -17.8 .

1904

  • Oge oyi nke 1904 bụ afọ kachasị jụụ n'ụwa niile.[69]

Oké ifufe oyi nke narị afọ nke 19 (1801-1900)

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

1899

  • Febụwarị 1899 Cold Wave - A ka na-ahọrọ ya dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ nke ntiwapụ oyi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke US ruo taa.[48]

1895

  • Oge oyi nke 1894-95 na United Kingdom.
  • Febụwarị 1895 United States Cold Wave (Great Freeze) - Ihe ọkụkụ citrus mebiri emebi na Florida. Oké ifufe na-eme ka snow na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya na Gulf Coast, gụnyere 22 sentimita (56 cm) na Houston, TX. Snow dara n'ebe ndịda dị ka Tampico, Mexico, latitude kachasị ala na North America nke e dekọrọ snow n'elu oké osimiri.

1893

  • 1893 East Asia Cold Wave - Ọ na-emepụta snow na Hong Kong na South China, na okpomọkụ oyi na latitudes okpomọkụ.
  • 1893 Eastern United States Cold Wave.

1888

  • 1888 US cold wave - Oké oyi nke gafere Pacific Northwest. O dugara na snow na Northern Plains na elu Mississippi Valley ebe ọtụtụ ụmụaka tọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe ha kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ.

1886-1887

  • Oge oyi nke 1886-87 na United States Great Plains na Upper Midwest.

1882-1883

  • Oge oyi 1882-1883 na United States.

1874-1875

  • Oge oyi 1874-1875 na Mid-Western United States.

1859

  • Jenụwarị 1859: Jenụwarụwarị 10 - okpomọkụ kachasị jụụ n'ehihie e dekọrọ na New York City na mpaghara New England. Montreal dekọrọ okpomọkụ nke -43.6 (−42.0 °C) na 7 am, ihe dị ka 15 (8.3 ) degrees dị ala karịa ihe ndekọ Montreal nke oge a nke -29 (−34 ) n'afọ 1933. Toronto dekọrọ -27 (−33 ) n'otu ụbọchị ahụ. Na Mahadum Vermont dị na Burlington, edere -31.5 °F (-35.3 °C) na 7 am na -26 °F (−32 °C) n'elekere abụọ nke ehihie. Na Woodstock, Vermont, e dekọrọ okpomọkụ nke -45 °F (-43 ). Mahadum Harvard dekọrọ -4.5 °F (−20.3 °C) na 2 pm na -18 (−28 ) n'ụtụtụ echi ya na Jenụwarị 11, ọgụgụ kachasị ala a maara na Boston. Nantucket Island tụrụ -12 (−24 °C), 6 °F (3.3 ) oyi karịa ndekọ a maara nke oge a. Na New York City, okpomọkụ e dekọrọ agafeghị 0 °F (-18 ). Na Brooklyn Heights, a na-agụpụta -9 °F (−23 °C) n'ehihie na Eramus Hall na Brooklyn dekọrọ elu nke -3.7 °F (-19.8 °C) na 7 am na -8 °F (−22 °C) ne 9 pm n'abalị ahụ. Union Hall na Jamaica Queens dekọrọ -12 °F (−24 ) n'etiti abalị n'etiti Jenụwarị 10 na 11. Na White Plains, enwere ọgụgụ nke -13 °F (-25 °C) na 7 am, -10 °F (-23 °C) n'elekere 2 nke ehihie, na -15 °F (-26 °C) ne 9 nke ehihie.[70]

1857

  • New England Cold wave nke 1857. Jenụwarị 1857 bụ ọnwa kachasị jụụ e dekọrọ na New England. Nkezi okpomọkụ ọnwa nke 16.7 °F (−8.5 °C) na New Haven, 16.8 °F (-84 ) n'obodo Boston, na 19.6 (-69 ) nọgidere na New York City na-anọgide na-ajụ oyi n'obodo ndị ahụ. Ọnọdụ oyi kachasị njọ dara na New England na Jenụwarị 22 na Jenụwaị 23 bụ otu n'ime ụbọchị oyi kachasị njọ a maara na mpaghara ahụ. Na Bath, Maine, e dekọrọ okpomọkụ nke -52 °F (-47 °C) na Franconia, New Hampshire -51 (46 ). Na Norwich, edere Vermont -44 (−42 ). Obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na Boston nke Malden na West Newton dekọrọ -30 °F (−34 ) n'otu abalị. Okpomọkụ Boston maka Jenụwarị 23 erughị elu karịa 0 °F (-18 ) ụbọchị niile ma Nantucket Island jikọtara ya na ala site na ice. Na New York City, Erasmus Hall na Brooklyn ruru elu nke 0 °F n'ehihie na Osimiri Hudson kpọnwụrụ nke ọma ka ndị mmadụ wee gaa Hoboken.[71]

1835

  • Oké oyi nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Jenụwarị na Febụwarị 1835. Nke mbụ n'ime ebili mmiri oyi atọ mere na United States na narị afọ nke 19 (1835, 1857, 1899). N'ọnwa Jenụwarị, thermometers mercury kpọnwụrụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ niile. Mercury kpọnwụrụ na -40 (−40 ) na Bangor na Bath, Maine na Montpelier na White River, Vermont. Na Connecticut, Hartford kụrụ -27 °F (−33 °C) na New Haven -23 °F (−31 ), na Massachusetts, Williamstown kụrụ -30 (--34 ) nakwa Pittsfield -32 (-36 ), akara okpomọkụ niile a na-emetụbeghị kemgbe ahụ. Na Febụwarị, Savannah, Georgia okpomọkụ ruru 0 (-18 °C), 8 (4.4 ) oyi karịa ka a ga-eru n'oge ebili mmiri oyi nke 1899 ka e mesịrị na narị afọ ahụ na Charleston South Carolina ruru 2 °F (-17 ).[72]

Oké ifufe oyi nke narị afọ nke 18 (1701-1800)

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  • Nnukwu Frost nke 1709- oge oyi kachasị jụụ na Europe e dekọrọ.

Ebili mmiri oyi nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa (1601-1700)

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  • Europe n'oge oyi nke 1694-1695. Lee Maunder Minimum
  • Nnukwu oyi nke 1683-84, oyi kachasị njọ n'England n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya. Okpoọkụ ahụ mere ka Osimiri Thames dum kpụkọọ ruo omimi nke 1 ụkwụ (0.30 m). Mmiri kpụkọrọ akpụkọ mere ka Osimiri Thames Frost Fair. Lee Maunder Minimum

Hụkwa

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Messori (2016). "On cold spells in North America and storminess in western Europe". Geophysical Research Letters 43 (12): 6620–6628. DOI:10.1002/2016GL069392. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Temperaturas extremas en el sur de Chile provocan que el mar se congele en el fiordo de Tortel", Emol, 2022-06-27. Retrieved on 2022-07-04. (in Spanish)
  3. ↑ Fox (October 27, 2020). Bitter cold obliterates records in western US as storm dumps snow, ice. www.accuweather.com.
  4. ↑ Погода в Новосибирске - климатический монитор за февраль 2019 года.
  5. ↑ Погода в Красноярске - климатический монитор за февраль 2019 года.
  6. ↑ Погода в Иркутске - климатический монитор за февраль 2019 года.
  7. ↑ Погода в Омске - климатический монитор за февраль 2019 года.
  8. ↑ Погода в Новокузнецке - климатический монитор за февраль 2019 года.
  9. ↑ Погода в Ванаваре - климатический монитор за февраль 2019 года.
  10. ↑ February is coldest in Los Angeles in nearly 60 years. Los Angeles Times (2019-02-25).
  11. ↑ So far 2019 has set 35 records for heat and 2 for cold.
  12. ↑ NYC Faces Wind Chills Well Below Zero After its First Snow Squall Warning (en). www.ny1.com. Retrieved on 2022-06-29.
  13. ↑ Погода в Новосибирске - климатический монитор за декабрь 2018 года.
  14. ↑ Погода в Омске - климатический монитор за декабрь 2018 года.
  15. ↑ Погода в Красноярске - климатический монитор за декабрь 2018 года.
  16. ↑ Погода в Братске - климатический монитор за декабрь 2018 года.
  17. ↑ Погода в Барнауле - климатический монитор за декабрь 2018 года.
  18. ↑ Погода в Томске - климатический монитор за декабрь 2018 года.
  19. ↑ Погода в Ербогачене - климатический монитор за декабрь 2018 года.
  20. ↑ "Storm Emma to bring up to 50cm of snow", BBC News, 2 March 2018. Retrieved on 2 March 2018.
  21. ↑ Sampathkumar. "North America weather: Canadian zoo moves penguins indoors because of cold temperatures", The Independent, 2017-12-30. Retrieved on 2017-12-31.
  22. ↑ Потепление приближается (ru). Retrieved on 11 January 2017.
  23. ↑ Snow in April in Bosnia and Herzegovina! (19 April 2017).
  24. ↑ Winter 2016 Recap - Mild, With Cameo Appearances by Old Man Winter. New York City Weather Archive. Retrieved on 2022-07-07.
  25. ↑ Dallas, TX Weather Forecast from Weather Underground. Wunderground.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
  26. ↑ Dallas, Texas (75201) Conditions & Forecast. Weather.wfaa.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
  27. ↑ Pidd (3 February 2012). European cold snap threatens energy crisis as death toll rises. The Guardian. Retrieved on 20 January 2018.
  28. ↑ Kyiv Post: Ukraine Cold Spell Death Toll Rises 101. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012.
  29. ↑ Wade. "Snow falls in Auckland for first time in decades", The New Zealand Herald, 2011-08-15. Retrieved on 2019-01-30. (in en-NZ)
  30. ↑ Kiwis marvel at Auckland and Wellington snow - Storyful (2014-02-01). Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved on 2019-01-30.
  31. ↑ January 2010. The Met Office. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved on 20 February 2010.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 "Snow and low temperatures – December 2009 to January 2010", www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved on 9 September 2011.
  33. ↑ "Minus 17.6C – Big freeze sets new record", Manchester Evening News, 7 January 2010. Retrieved on 9 September 2011.
  34. ↑ "Frozen Britain seen from above", BBC News, 7 January 2010. Retrieved on 5 December 2011.
  35. ↑ "UK | Heavy snow hits much of Britain", BBC News, 2 February 2009. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.
  36. ↑ Blanket of snow over much of Europe. RTÉ (2 February 2009). Retrieved on 6 February 2009.
  37. ↑ Gillan. "Heavy snow to cause travel chaos all week | UK news | guardian.co.uk", Guardian, 2 February 2009. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.
  38. ↑ Snow causes London to slow to crawl. NBC News (2 February 2009). Retrieved on 6 February 2009.
  39. ↑ Richard Allen Greene. "Heaviest UK snow in 18 years hits international flights", CNN, 7 February 2009. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.
  40. ↑ 2008/02. antisimvatikos.blogspot (18 February 2008). Retrieved on 20 June 2021.
  41. ↑ Cormier, Bill, Buenos Aires Gets First Snow Since 1918, Associated Press (July 7, 2007).
  42. ↑ 2004/02. antisimvatikos.blogspot (14 February 2004). Retrieved on 20 June 2021.
  43. ↑ 2002 cold wave. antisimvatikos.blogspot (June 2002). Retrieved on 15 June 2021.
  44. ↑ 1987/03. antisimvatikos.blogspot (15 March 1987). Retrieved on 20 June 2021.
  45. ↑ December Weather Trivia. Crh.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 2014-01-08.
  46. ↑ Record cold December. Crh.noaa.gov (2011-07-15). Retrieved on 2014-01-08.
  47. ↑ Minneapolis December weather records. Climate.umn.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-11-18. Retrieved on 2014-01-08.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 America's Coldest Outbreaks. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved on 20 January 2018.
  49. ↑ Трагедию предотвратили пожарные: Политика: Облгазета.
  50. ↑ Extreme Weather record book, 2007 edition, pg 66, Christopher Burt
  51. ↑ Parmenter (1 December 1976). "a Southern Hemisphere cold front passage at the equator". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 57 (12): 1435–1440. DOI:<1435:ASHCFP>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0477(1976)057<1435:ASHCFP>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved on 20 February 2023. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 J.-M. Hirschi, Joël and Sinha, Bablu. "Negative NAO and cold Eurasian winters: How exceptional was the winter of 1962/1963?" Weather Vol. 62, No. 2 (February 2007); pp. 43–48
  53. ↑ Rogers, Jeffrey A. and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen. "Atlantic Arctic Cyclones and the Mild Siberian Winters of the 1980s". Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 22 (1995), issue 7; pp. 799–802
  54. ↑ Daily Data Report for January 1950 (en). Environment and Climate Change Canada (2011-10-31). Retrieved on 2018-08-08.
  55. ↑ Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 Station Data (en). Environment and Climate Change Canada (2011-10-31). Retrieved on 2018-08-08.
  56. ↑ Extreme Weather record book, 2007 edition, pg 65, Christopher Burt
  57. ↑ Brönnimann, Stefan. "The global climate anomaly, 1940–1942". Weather Vol. 60, No. 12 (December 2005); pp. 336–342
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Record Lowest Temperatures by State. InfoPlease. Retrieved on 20 January 2018.
  59. ↑ Extreme Weather record book, 2007 edition, p. 64, Christopher Burt
  60. ↑ The American Weather Book – David Ludlum
  61. ↑ Diaz, Henry F. and Quayle, Robert G. "The 1976–77 Winter in the Contiguous United States in Comparison with Past Records". Monthly Weather Review, 106 (1977), no. 10, pp. 1392–1422
  62. ↑ Climate at a Glance. National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved on 20 January 2018.
  63. ↑ This day in history, January 15. Retrieved on 20 February 2023.
  64. ↑ This day in history, January 11. Retrieved on 20 February 2023.
  65. ↑ Wagner, A. James. "The Record-Breaking Winter of 1976–77". Weatherwise 30 (1977), no. 2, pp. 65–69
  66. ↑ Korea weather data(1904~)(was served Korea Meteorological Administration).
  67. ↑ The lowest temperature statistic before 1945(was served Statistics Korea).
  68. ↑ The month-average temperature statistic before 1945(was served Statistics Korea).
  69. ↑ Earth's coldest years on record all happened over 90 years ago. Mashable (9 February 2019).
  70. ↑ Extreme Weather record book, 2007 edition, p. 61, Christopher Burt
  71. ↑ Extreme Weather record book, 2007 edition, pp. 61-62, Christopher Burt
  72. ↑ Extreme Weather record book, 2007 edition, p. 60, Christopher Burt
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