Ụlọ dị n'ebe a na-ere nri

Ụlọ oast, oast ma ọ bụ hop kiln bụ ụlọ emebere maka ikpo ọkụ (ịkpọ nkụ) hops dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ịme ihe. Enwere ike ịchọta ha n'ọtụtụ ebe na-eto eto (na nke bụbu hop-eto eto) ma na-abụkarị ezi ihe atụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ugbo. Agbanwewo ọtụtụ oasts na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ. A na-eji aha oast na oast eme ihe na Kent na Sussex. Na Surrey, Hampshire, Herefordshire na Worcestershire a na-akpọ ha hop kilns.

Ha nwere ụlọ nwere akụkụ anọ ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ ("ihe mkpofu") na otu ma ọ bụ karịa kiln nke a na-agbasa hops ka akpọnwụ ya site na ikuku ọkụ na-esi na nkụ ma ọ bụ unyi n'okpuru. Ala ndị ahụ ihicha ahụ dị gịrịgịrị ma mebie oghere iji mee ka okpomọkụ gafere wee gbapụ n'otu ehi dị n'elu ụlọ nke ifufe na-atụgharị. A na-atụba hops ndị a kpụpụtara ọhụrụ n'ubi ka ha kpọọ nkụ wee wụsa ya ka ọ dị jụụ tupu ebuo ya ma ziga ya n'ebe a na-emepụta mmanya. A na-eji olumba Kentish kell mee ihe mgbe ụfọdụ maka kilns ("Oast nwere kell atọ") na mgbe ụfọdụ ọ pụtara oast n'onwe ya ("Were nna gị nri ehihie a, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na kell"). Okwu oast n'onwe ya pụtakwara "kiln".^[1]

Ụlọ oast nke mbụ dị na Golford, Cranbrook dị nso na Tunbridge Wells. Ọ malitere site n'oge na narị afọ nke 17 ma na-egosipụta nke ọma akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ banyere oasts obere oge ka ewebata hops na England n'etiti narị afọ nke 16. Ụlọ ndị mbụ a na-adọba ụgbọala bụ ụlọ a na-emegharị emegharị, ma, ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke 18, e mepụtala ụlọ ndị dị ogologo pụrụ iche nke nwere elu ụlọ conical iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo ogologo. Na mbụ, ndị a bụ square, ma gburugburu 1800 roundel kilns ka e mepụtara na nkwenye na ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ka na-ewu ewu karịa na Herefordshire na Worcestershire wee laghachi na ejiji na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na narị afọ nke 19 mgbe e mesịrị. N'afọ ndị 1930, e ji oghere ndị na-adọrọ adọrọ dochie anya ehi ndị ahụ ka ndị na-agba ọkụ eletrik na oven mmanụ dizel na-arụ ọrụ.

Hops taa akpọnwụwo n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọtụtụ ụlọ oast dị n'ugbo ugbu a agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi. Otu n'ime ụlọ oast kacha mma echekwara bụ na Hop Farm Country Park na Beltring.

Ebumnuche nke oast bụ ịcha hops. A na-enweta nke a site na iji ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-agafe n'ọkụ, kama usoro ịgba ọkụ.

Ndị otu ndị na-atụtụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'otu akụkụ ma na-enweta ego a kapịrị ọnụ n'ubi hop. A na-etinye akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ hops n'ime nnukwu akpa hessian a na-akpọ pokes (na Kent) ma ọ bụ akpa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (West Midlands). A ga-ebuga ihe ndị a na oast ma weba ya n'ime ebe a na-edebe ihe n'ala mbụ. Ụfọdụ oasts nwere ihe mmadụ na-ebuli elu maka nzube a, nke nwere ihe ndọba ụgbọala nke dị ihe dị ka mita 1.52 n'elu axle nke e tinyere eriri ma ọ bụ yinye na ya.

The green hops mgbe ọhụrụ e wepụtara nwere mmiri dị n'ihe dị ka 80%. Nke a chọrọ ka e belata ruo 6%, ọ bụ ezie na mmiri ga-arị elu ruo 10% n'oge nchekwa.

A na-agbasasị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ hops na kilns. Ala ndị a na-abụkarị  1+1⁄4-inch (32 mm) battens square kpọgidere n'akụkụ aka nri n'ofe mkpọ ahụ, dọba ya ka e wee nwee oghere yiri nke ahụ n'etiti batten nke ọ bụla, ma were akwa ntutu inyinya kpuchie ya. A ga-agbasa hops ndị ahụ ihe dị ka sentimita iri na abụọ (300 mm) miri emi, mechie ọnụ ụzọ kiln na ọkụ ọkụ. Mgbe a na-ekpebi na a mịrị amị, a ga-emenyụ ọkụ ahụ ma wepụ ihe ndị ahụ na-esi na kiln na-eji scuppet, nke bụ nnukwu shọvelụ osisi nke nwere isi hessian. A ga-agbasa hops ndị ahụ n'ala ebe a na-ekpofu ihe ka ọ dị jụụ, a ga-etinyezi ya n'ime nnukwu akpa jute ndị a na-akpọ obere akpa na igwe hop. Akpa nke ọ bụla nwere ihe dị ihe dị ka 150 eze ukwu (5,500 L) nke hops ndụ ndụ. Ọ tụrụ otu narị arọ na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ (140 pound (64  kg)) wee jiri nkọwa onye na-akụ osisi kanye ya, nke a chọrọ n'okpuru Iwu Hop (Mgbochi Wayo), 1866.

A na-ezigara akpa ndị ahụ n'ahịa, ebe ndị na-emepụta mmanya ga-azụta ha ma jiri hops kpọrọ nkụ mee ihe na usoro ime biya iji gbakwunye ụtọ ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe nchedo.

Oasts na-enwu ọkụ mgbe ụfọdụ, mmebi ahụ na-ejedebe mgbe ụfọdụ na ọkụ (Castle Farm, Hadlow), ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ na-eduga na mbibi zuru oke nke oast (Stilstead Farm, East Peckham na Septemba 1983, na Parsonage Farm, Bekesbourne na Ọgọst 1996). [2][3]

Nkọwa mbụ nke oast sitere na 1574. Ọ bụ obere ụlọ dị mita 18 (5.49 site na mita 9 (2.74 na atụmatụ, na mgbidi 9 ụkwụ (2.74 . Okpomọkụ dị n'etiti dị ihe dị ka 2" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"6"},"2":{"wt":"ft"},"3":{"wt":"m"},"4":{"wt":"2"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwTA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">6 feet (1.83 n'ogologo, 2 feet 6 inches (760 n'ịdị elu na 13 inches (330 n"ime obosara. Ala dị n'elu bụ ala ịcha, na naanị ihe dị ka mita 5 (1.52 n'elu ala, a na-etinye hops kpọmkwem n'ala slated kama a na-ede ya na ákwà Hessian dị ka emere mgbe e mesịrị.[4]

N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, a na-eji ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọrịta eme ihe n'oge gara aga. N'afọ 1779, a gbanwere Chapel St. Peter, Frindsbury ka ọ bụrụ oast. [5] A tọghatakwara ụlọ ekpere dị na Horton, dị nso na Canterbury.[6] Akụkụ nke Hastings Priory na-eje ozi dị ka oast na 1823.[7] A tọghatakwara ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Obí Bishọp, Bosbury, Herefordshire. [8]

A na-eme nke a site n'ịrụ ite ọkụ n'ime ụlọ ahụ, kewaa ya ụzọ atọ, a na-eji okpukpu nke elu anabata hops "akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ", kpọọ ha ma pịa hops kpọrọ nkụ. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe atụ nke ụdị ntọghata a na ebe Catt, Paddock Wood, na Great Dixter, Northiam.[9][10]

Mgbanwe ndị ọzọ nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na ụlọ obibi ga-abụ site na iwu ite ọkụ n'otu nsọtụ ụlọ ahụ, dịka a hụrụ na Biddenden, Kent, ma ọ bụ site na ịgbakwunye ite ọkụ n"èzí ụlọ ahụ dị ugbu a, dịka a hụ ya na Barnhill Farm, Hunton, nakwa na Sutton Valence, ma ọ bụghị ha abụọ, dịka aahụ ya na Ightham Mote.[11][12][13][14]

Nkwekọrịta maka iwu oast na Flimwell na East Sussex na 1667 nyere ogo ụlọ ahụ dị ka 30 site na 15 feet (9.1 site na 4.6 na nke ọzọ a ga-ewu n'ebe ahụ ga-ewu na 1671 bụ 32 site na 16 feet (9.8 site na 4.9 ma ọ bụ 17 feet (5.2 , nwere ite ọkụ abụọ.[15] Ebe mbụ e wuru maka nzube bụ na Golford, Cranbrook, nke e wuru na 1750. Obere osisi a dị 21 site na 15 feet (6.4 site na 4.6 na atụmatụ, ma nwee elu ụlọ nwere tebụl. O nwere otu ite ọkụ, na otu mkpuchi n'elu ụlọ ahụ.[16]

Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, a malitere iwu oast ọdịnala dịka anyị maara ugbu a. Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nwere okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, nke nwere n'etiti otu na asatọ okirikiri. Ogologo ite ọkụ na-adịkarị site na ụkwụ 12 (3.66 ruo ụkwụ 18 (5.49 n'obosara, yana elu ụlọ conical. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, e wuru square oven. Ihe ndị a na-adịkarị site na 16 feet (4.88 ruo 20 feet (6.10 square.[17] E wuru oast na Hawkhurst nwere ite ọkụ abụọ nwere akụkụ asatọ, 15 feet (4.57 gafee ala.[18]

Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, oasts laghachiri n'ụdị mbụ ya na ite ọkụ n'ime ụlọ na okpokoro n'elu ụlọ (Bell 5, Beltring). [19] Oasts ndị a buru ibu karịa ma jiri ihe ndị ọgbara ọhụrụ rụọ ha. E wuru Oasts na ngwụcha 1948 (Upper Fowle Hall, Paddock Wood), ma ọ bụ 1950 (Hook Green, Lamberhurst).[20]

Oasts nke oge a yiri nke nta ka oasts ọdịnala. Nnukwu ụlọ ndị a nwere ike ịhazi hops site na ọtụtụ ugbo, dịka na Norton nso Teynham na Kent, nke e wuru na 1982.[21]

A na-eji ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere brik, osisi, ragstone, na sandstone, rụọ ihe owuwu.[22] Ihe mkpuchi nwere ike ịbụ osisi weatherboards, corrugated iron ma ọ bụ asbestos sheet.[23]

Ebe a na-echekwa ihe

Ọtụtụ oasts bụ ụlọ e ji osisi rụọ, ọ bụ ezie na e ji brik wuo ụfọdụ kpamkpam, ma ọ bụ ragstone ma ọ bụrụ na nke a dị n'ógbè ahụ.[24][18] Ụfọdụ oasts bụ brik kpamkpam ma e wezụga n'ihu na ala, nke bụ osisi.[25]

Ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ

A na-eji osisi ma ọ bụ brik rụọ ite ọkụ n'ime.[24] A na-eji brik, ragstone na brik, flint, ma ọ bụ sandstone wuo ite ọkụ n'èzí.[22] Ojiji a na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ na Tilden Farm, Headcorn ebe e ji Bethersden Marble wuo ọkụ ahụ.   N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, e ji osisi rụọ oghere ole na ole ma kpuchie ya na ígwè corrugated (Crittenden Farm, Matfield).[24]

Elu ụlọ ọkụ

A na-ejikarị osisi rụọ elu ụlọ ọkụ, ebe ọkụ ahụ dị n'èzí ma kpuchie ya ma ọ bụ tebụl ma ọ bụ slate.[26] Ụfọdụ oasts nwere okpokoro okpokoro nke e ji brik rụọ, a na-ekpuchi ha na tar ma ọ bụ pitch iji mee ka ha ghara ihu igwe.[27] Oasts ole na ole nwere okpokoro square nwere elu brik, ọzọ kpuchiri ya na tar ma ọ bụ pitch.[28] N'elu elu ụlọ ahụ ghere oghe, ma na-ebu okpu ma ọ bụ ikuku.[29]

A na-ejikarị brik ma ọ bụ nkume obodo rụọ ogige ntụrụndụ.

Ebe a na-echekwa ihe

Brik bụ ihe a na-ejikarị ewu ụlọ ahụ, a na-eji osisi eme ihe naanị n'ala. A na-ejikwa nkume mee ihe mgbe ụfọdụ (Madley). [30] Ụfọdụ oasts nwere ihe igwe cider n'ala ala nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe (Little Cowarne Court, Little Cowarne). [31]

Ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ

Brik bụ ihe a na-ejikarị ewu ite ọkụ. E jikwa nkume mee ihe.[32]

Elu ụlọ ọkụ

Elu ụlọ ọkụ nwere ike ịbụ osisi, kpuchie ya na tebụl ma ọ bụ slate, ma ọ bụ brik. Enwere ike ịcha elu ụlọ brik (Little Cowarne Court, Bromyard) ma ọ bụ hapụ ya (The Farm, Brockhampton). [33] A ga-eji okpu (Upper Lyde Farm, Pipe-cum-Lyde) ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-efe efe (Kidley, Acton Beauchamp) kpuchie elu ụlọ ahụ.[34][35]

Enwere ike ịchọta oasts na UK na mba ofesi.

A na-ejikọkarị oasts na Kent, ụlọ oast bụ ihe nnọchianya jikọtara ya na obodo ahụ. A na-ahụkwa ha na Sussex, Surrey na Hampshire.

Na West Midlands, ebe ndị isi na-eto hop bụ Worcestershire, Herefordshire na Gloucestershire. Na Worcestershire na Herefordshire, a maara ụlọ ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị ka ọkụ ọkụ.

Na Belgium, isi ebe a na-eto hop bụ gburugburu Poperinghe na Ypres, West Flanders. A na-akụkwa hops gafee ókèala na Nord, France. A na-akụkwa Hops gburugburu Aelst, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Brussels.[36] Ewezuga Nord, isi ebe na-eto eto na France dị gburugburu Haguenau, Bas-Rhin na gburugburu Dijon na Bèze, Côte-d'Or.[37]

Na Germany, a na-akụ hops gburugburu Tettnang, Baden-Württemberg; gburugburu Hallertau, Hersbruck, Illschwang na Spalt, Bavaria.[38] Na Czech Republic, a na-akụ hop gburugburu Roudnice, Hradec Králové Region na gburugburu Úštěk na Žatec, Ústí nad Labem Region. A na-akụkwa ha gburugburu Olomouc, Olomouic Region. Na Slovakia, a na-akụ hops gburugburu Trenčín, Trenčín Region. A na-akụkwa hops na Poland na Russia.[39]

Hụkwa John Terry

A na-akpọkarị ụlọ ọkụ hop n'Australia. Tasmania bụ nnukwu mpaghara na-eto eto, dịka akụkụ Victoria. N'ime narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-akụ hop na Kentish kwagara, ma were hops na ha. Na mbido, a gbanwere oasts Tasmanian site na ụlọ ndị dị ugbu a (New Norfolk, Ranelagh) mana e mechara wuo oasts (Valley Field, Bushy Park). Oasts ndị a nwere ventilators na-ekpuchi ekpuchi kama ikpuchi. A gbanwere New Norfolk oast site na mmiri igwe ma bụrụzi ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Ebe ọzọ nwere oasts bụ Tenna. E wuru oast nke oge a nke 400 site na 200 feet (120 site na 60 na Bushy Park na 1982.[40]^[2]

Site na mmụba nke usoro hop-picking, ọtụtụ oasts dara n'ọrụ. A kwaturu ụfọdụ ma gbafuo ndị ọzọ. Mkpa na-arịwanye elu maka ụlọ emeela ka a gbanwee ọtụtụ ụlọ n'ụlọ. Ndị kansụl mpaghara n'oge a na-esikarị ike na ịma mma nke ntụgharị karịa ka ọ dị tupu iwu atụmatụ amalite. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a ga-ewu ụlọ ọkụ, a na-enyekwa akwa na oast ndị a gbanwere.[42]

Ihe atụ mbụ nke a na-agbanwe ụlọ bụ Millar's Farm oast, Meopham, nke Sir Philip Waterlow gbanwere ụlọ na 1903.[43]

Mgbanwe ndị ọzọ nke oasts maka ebumnuche ndị na-abụghị ebe obibi gụnyere ụlọ ihe nkiri (Oast Theatre, Tonbridge,[44] Oast house Theatre Rainham), ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ntorobịa (Capstone Farm, Chatham,^[3] ọzọ na Lady Margaret Manor, Doddington - ugbu a bụ ebe obibi maka ndị nwere nsogbu mmụta),^[4] ụlọ akwụkwọ (Sturry), ụlọ achịcha (Chartham),[44] ebe ndị nleta (Bough Beechling Farm, Five Green, Wentley),^[5] na Museum,[3][47][47]>[49][50] 

National Trust nwere oast na Outridge, nso Brasted Chart, nke nwere oghere asatọ dị ụkọ, otu na Castle Farm, Sissinghurst, gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ tii, na nke ọzọ na Bateman, Burwash nke gbanwere ka ụlọ ahịa, na akwa a na-eji nduru dochie ya.[51][52]^[6]

N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e wuru ọtụtụ ụlọ iji yie ka ha bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ọ bụ ezie na n'eziokwu, nke ahụ abụghị eziokwu.[54] Ihe atụ nke a bụ:

• ụlọ ọha na eze nke Nnụnụ, Grove Green, Maidstone.
• Harrietsham, otu ọfịs.
• Ụlọ ọha na eze nke Oast House, Normanton.
• Ụlọ ọha na eze Oast House, Manchester.
• Langley Court, Beckenham, nke Wellcome Foundation wuru, nke bụzi akụkụ nke Glaxo Wellcome.
• Caring, Kent - Ụlọ ndị e wuru n'ụdị oasts.
• South Harrow, London - ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ e wuru n'ụdị oast (nke a kwatuchara ugbu a ma wughachi dị ka akụkụ nke ụlọ ọhụrụ). ^[7]

• 
  Ụlọ Ọdịda AnyanwụTudeley, Kent, ugbu a na-eji ya eme ihe
• 
  Ugbo Millar,Meopham
• 
  Ugbo Castle oast,Sissinghurst
• 
  Oast adịgboroja naHarrietsham[en→ig].
• 
  [en→ig]Oast Theatre, [en→ig]Tonbridge

• malt" id="mwAcU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Malthouse">Malthouse - ụlọ yiri nke a na-eji emepụta ọka bali iji mee malt, nke bụkwa ihe eji eme biya.
• Chunche - ụlọ maka ịcha Mkpụrụ vaịn (iji ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ) na Xinjiang, China.

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1. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary
2. ↑ Places to Visit – The Oast House Hop Museum, New Norfolk. newnorfolk.org. Archived from the original on 2023-11-30. Retrieved on 2024-08-10.
3. ↑ Rutter (25 January 2008). ChathamCapstone. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved on 11 April 2022.
4. ↑ Doddington Historic Buildings: No. 13 Lady Margaret Manor. doddington-kent.org.uk.
5. ↑ Oast House Archive (March 2003). TQ6345: Tatlingbury Oast, Five Oak Green Road, Five Oak Green, Kent – During conversion to offices. www.geograph.org.uk.
6. ↑ White (1 May 2005). Out building at Batemans. flickr.com.
7. ↑ Kiss (5 March 2006). Remains of a pub, North Harrow. flickr.com/photos/thesixthland/.