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Evaluating the Impact of Crime on Tourism in Barbados: A Transfer Function Approach

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  • Lorde, Troy
Abstract
The impact of crime on tourism to Barbados was examined using a transfer function approach. Results indicate that an increase in the overall crime rate has a negative and significant impact on arrivals to the island, and the fall-off is delayed, starting 6 months after a one-unit increase in the crime rate. The impulse response function shows that a 1% shock to crime reduces arrivals to Barbados, but takes about 20 months for arrivals to return to normalcy. This results in direct income losses of US$47,000 and indirect losses of US$108,000. Impacts for murder, assault with intent to rob, rape, and residential burglary rates were also investigated. Qualitatively, the results resemble those for the overall crime rate; however, the magnitudes of the impacts are greater and income losses are generally in the millions. Given the country’s dependence on tourism receipts to sustain its current account, shocks to the crime rate can lead to balance of payment problems. Since there is a lag before the impact of increases in crime takes its full toll on arrivals, it is advised that at the first sign of heightened criminal activity policy makers should act to minimize losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Lorde, Troy, 2012. "Evaluating the Impact of Crime on Tourism in Barbados: A Transfer Function Approach," MPRA Paper 95544, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:95544
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/95544/1/MPRA_paper_95544.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Larry Dwyer & Peter Forsyth & Ray Spurr & Thiep Van Ho, 2006. "Economic Effects of the World Tourism Crisis on Australia," Tourism Economics, , vol. 12(2), pages 171-186, June.
    2. Duha Altindag, 2014. "Crime and International Tourism," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    4. Walter Enders & Todd Sandler & Gerald F. Parise, 1992. "An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Terrorism on Tourism," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 531-554, November.
    5. Konstantinos Drakos & Ali M. Kutan, 2003. "Regional Effects of Terrorism on Tourism in Three Mediterranean Countries," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 47(5), pages 621-641, October.
    6. repec:bla:kyklos:v:45:y:1992:i:4:p:531-54 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Lorde, Troy & Lowe, Shane & Francis, Brian, 2010. "Do Tourism Receipts Contribute to the Sustainability of Current Account Deficits: A Case Study of Barbados," MPRA Paper 95495, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Zeng, Yan & Lin, Zhibin, 2019. "The effectiveness of the legal system and inbound tourism," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 24-35.
    2. Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Abdullah Mohammed Aldakhil & Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro & Khalid Zaman, 2018. "Effective International Tourism Management: A Strategic Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 137(3), pages 1201-1224, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crime; Tourism; Transfer function; Barbados; Income losses;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • H27 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Other Sources of Revenue
    • K40 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - General
    • K49 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Other
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism

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