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Emigration from Latvia: A Brief History and Driving Forces in the 21st Century

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  • Hazans, Mihails
Abstract
In recent years, Latvia has established itself as one of the top two countries with the most intensive emigration among EU/EFTA member states. This chapter starts by describing the demographic context and the scale of emigration post-2000, followed by a brief history of the main population flows (migration, refugees, and deportation) from and to Latvia in the twentieth century. It then offers a more detailed analysis of emigration during the first 15 years of the twenty-first century including a closer look at the four waves of recent emigration: (i) the pre-EU accession wave, 2000–2003; (ii) the post-accession wave, 2004–2008; (iii) the crisis-driven wave, 2009–2010; and (iv) the post-crisis wave, 2011–2016. For each wave, a description of the economic and social context is given within a conceptual framework using insights from human capital theory, the new economic theory of migration, network theory, and migration systems theory. Institutional factors are also emphasized.

Suggested Citation

  • Hazans, Mihails, 2019. "Emigration from Latvia: A Brief History and Driving Forces in the 21st Century," MPRA Paper 118484, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:118484
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/118484/1/Hazans_Emigration%20from%20Latvia_History%20and%20Driving%20Forces_Springer%202019.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mihails Hazans, 2011. "Labor Market Integration of Ethnic Minorities in Latvia," Chapters, in: Martin Kahanec & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Ethnic Diversity in European Labor Markets, chapter 8, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Stark, Oded & Bloom, David E, 1985. "The New Economics of Labor Migration," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(2), pages 173-178, May.
    3. Oliver Bakewell & Hein de Haas & Agnieszka Kubal, 2011. "Migration systems, pioneers and the role of agency," Norface Discussion Paper Series 2011023, Norface Research Programme on Migration, Department of Economics, University College London.
    4. Carrington, William J & Detragiache, Enrica & Vishwanath, Tara, 1996. "Migration with Endogenous Moving Costs," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(4), pages 909-930, September.
    5. Artjoms Ivlevs, 2013. "Minorities on the move? Assessing post-enlargement emigration intentions of Latvia’s Russian speaking minority," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 51(1), pages 33-52, August.
    6. Borjas, George J, 1999. "Immigration and Welfare Magnets," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(4), pages 607-637, October.
    7. George J. Borjas, 2021. "Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Foundational Essays in Immigration Economics, chapter 4, pages 69-91, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    8. Larry A. Sjaastad, 1970. "The Costs and Returns of Human Migration," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Harry W. Richardson (ed.), Regional Economics, chapter 9, pages 115-133, Palgrave Macmillan.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hazans, Mihails & Holmen, Rasmus Bøgh & Upenieks, Jānis & Žabko, Oksana, 2024. "Regional inequalities in access to STEM-oriented secondary education in Latvia," MPRA Paper 120646, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    emigration; selectivity of migrants; human capital; ethnic minorities; Latvia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • J62 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Job, Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion

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