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Pay-as-you-go social security and educational subsidy in an overlapping generations model with endogenous fertility and endogenous retirement

Author

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  • Chen, Hung-Ju
  • Miyazaki, Koichi
Abstract
This study analytically investigates the effects of pay-as-you-go social security and educational subsidies on the fertility rate, retirement age, and GDP per capita growth rate in an overlapping generations model, where parents invest resources toward their children's human capital. We find that an old agent retires fully when his or her labor productivity is low and retires later when the labor productivity is high. Under the unique balanced-growth-path (BGP) equilibrium, when an old agent is still engaged in work, tax rates are neutral to the fertility rate, higher tax rates encourage him or her to retire earlier, a higher social security tax rate depresses the GDP per capita growth rate, and a higher tax rate for educational subsidies can accelerate growth. However, when an old agent fully retires, higher tax rates increase the fertility rate, a higher social security tax rate lowers the GDP per capita growth rate, and a higher tax rate for educational subsidies boosts growth. Additionally, if an old agent's labor productivity increases, the fertility rate also increases. We also conduct numerical simulations and analyze how an old agent's labor productivity affects the retirement age, fertility rate, and GDP per capita growth rate under the BGP equilibrium.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Hung-Ju & Miyazaki, Koichi, 2021. "Pay-as-you-go social security and educational subsidy in an overlapping generations model with endogenous fertility and endogenous retirement," MPRA Paper 110626, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:110626
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    1. Chen, Hung-Ju & Huang, Shang-Chieh & Miyazaki, Koichi, 2024. "Life expectancy, fertility, and retirement in an endogenous-growth model with human capital accumulation," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Pay-as-you-go social security; educational subsidy; fertility; endogenous retirement; GDP per capita growth rate;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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