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Bundling Revisited: Substitute Products and Inter-Firm Discounts

Author

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  • Mark Armstrong
Abstract
This paper extends the standard model of bundling to allow products to be substitutes and for products to be supplied by separate sellers. Whether integrated or separate, firms have an incentive to introduce a bundling discount when demand for the bundle is elastic relative to demand for stand-alone products. When products are partial substitutes, this typically gives an integrated firm a greater incentive to offer a bundle discount (relative to the standard model with additive preferences), while product substitutability is often the sole reason why separate sellers wish to offer inter-firm discounts. When separate sellers negotiate their inter-firm discount, they can use the discount to relax competition.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark Armstrong, 2011. "Bundling Revisited: Substitute Products and Inter-Firm Discounts," Economics Series Working Papers 574, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:oxf:wpaper:574
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Neil Gandal & Sarit Markovich & Michael H. Riordan, 2018. "Ain't it “suite”? Bundling in the PC office software market," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(8), pages 2120-2151, August.
    3. Guy Laroque & Nicola Pavoni, 2017. "Optimal taxation in occupational choice models: An Application to the Work Decisions of Couples," Working Papers hal-03915322, HAL.
    4. Akifumi Ishihara & Noriyuki Yanagawa, 2013. "Dark Sides of Patent Pools with Compulsory Independent Licensing," CARF F-Series CARF-F-318, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    5. Correa, Alexander, 2020. "Empaquetamiento e incentivos para mejoras en calidad || Packaging and quality improvements," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 30(1), pages 163-195, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bundling; Price discrimination; Oligopoly; Collusion;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L42 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts

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