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The Labour Market Impacts of Obesity, Smoking, Alcohol Use and Related Chronic Diseases

Author

Listed:
  • Marion Devaux

    (OECD)

  • Franco Sassi

    (OECD)

Abstract
This paper examines the labour market impacts of lifestyle risk factors and associated chronic diseases, in terms of employment opportunities, wages, productivity, sick leave, early retirement and receipt of disability benefits. It provides a review of the evidence of the labour market outcomes of key risk factors (obesity, smoking and hazardous drinking) and of a number of related chronic diseases, along with findings from new analyses conducted on data from a selection of OECD countries. Overall, the evidence suggests that chronic diseases and associated risk factors have potentially large detrimental labour market impacts, but with mixed findings in some areas. Obesity and smoking clearly impair employment prospects, wages and labour productivity. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have negative impacts on employment prospects and wages, and diabetes, cancer and arthritis lower labour productivity. Alcohol use, cancer, high blood pressure and arthritis have mixed effects on employment and wages, and are not always linked with increased sickness absence (e.g. cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure). Finally, this paper stresses the importance of these findings for the economy at large, and supports the use of carefully designed chronic disease prevention strategies targeting people at higher risk of adverse labour market outcomes, which may lead to substantial gains in economic production through a healthier and more productive workforce. Ce document examine les impacts sur le marché du travail des facteurs de risque liés aux modes de vie et des maladies chroniques associées, en termes d'opportunités d'emploi, de salaire, de productivité, de congés maladie, de retraite anticipée et de prestations d'invalidité. Il fournit une revue de la littérature des impacts sur le marché du travail des principaux facteurs de risque (obésité, tabagisme et consommation à risque d’alcool) ainsi que d'un certain nombre de maladies chroniques associées, et présente également les résultats de nouvelles analyses empiriques pour une sélection de pays de l’OCDE. Ce travail a révélé que généralement, les maladies chroniques et les facteurs de risques associés ont des impacts néfastes sur le marché du travail potentiellement importants, mais avec des effets mixtes dans certains cas. L’obésité et le tabagisme nuisent clairement à la probabilité d'emploi, aux salaires et la productivité du travail. Les maladies cardiovasculaires et le diabète ont des impacts négatifs sur la probabilité d'emploi et les salaires, et le diabète, le cancer et l'arthrite réduisent la productivité au travail. La consommation à risque d'alcool, les cancers, l'hypertension artérielle et l’arthrite ont des effets mixtes sur l'emploi et les salaires, et ne sont pas toujours liés à une augmentation de l'absentéisme (par exemple, les maladies cardiovasculaires et l'hypertension artérielle). Enfin, ce document souligne l'importance de ces résultats pour l'Économie au sens large, et soutient la mise en place de stratégies de prévention des maladies chroniques, soigneusement conçues, ciblant les personnes les plus vulnérables sur le marché du travail, qui peuvent conduire à des gains importants de production économique grâce à une main-d'oeuvre en meilleure santé et plus productive.

Suggested Citation

  • Marion Devaux & Franco Sassi, 2015. "The Labour Market Impacts of Obesity, Smoking, Alcohol Use and Related Chronic Diseases," OECD Health Working Papers 86, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaad:86-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrqcn5fpv0v-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nadja Frate & Brigitte Jenull & Robert Birnbacher, 2019. "Like Father, Like Son. Physical Activity, Dietary Intake, and Media Consumption in Pre-School-Aged Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Haensch, Anna-Carolina & Drechsler, Jörg & Bernhard, Sarah, 2020. "TippingSens: An R Shiny Application to Facilitate Sensitivity Analysis for Causal Inference Under Confounding," IAB-Discussion Paper 202029, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    3. Agnieszka Jakubowska, 2020. "Behavioural Health Factors and Limitations to the Health of Labour Force: Analysis of the Convergence Process of the EU Economies," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 258-276.
    4. Andrea B Feigl & Yevgeniy Goryakin & Marion Devaux & Aliénor Lerouge & Sabine Vuik & Michele Cecchini, 2019. "The short-term effect of BMI, alcohol use, and related chronic conditions on labour market outcomes: A time-lag panel analysis utilizing European SHARE dataset," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(3), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Rodrigo Fernandez & Herwig Immervoll & Daniele Pacifico & Céline Thévenot, 2016. "Faces of joblessness: Characterising employment barriers to inform policy," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 192, OECD Publishing.
    6. Lesley Gray, 2017. "Social Determinants of Health, Disaster Vulnerability, Severe and Morbid Obesity in Adults: Triple Jeopardy?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-10, November.
    7. Jonathan Brooks & Céline Giner, 2021. "What Role Can Agricultural Policies Play in Encouraging Healthier Diets?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(3), pages 4-11, December.
    8. Smith, Patricia K. & Zagorsky, Jay L., 2018. "“Do I look fat?” Self-perceived body weight and labor market outcomes," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 48-58.
    9. A. Brugiavini & R. E. Buia & M. Kovacic & C. E. Orso, 2023. "Adverse childhood experiences and unhealthy lifestyles later in life: evidence from SHARE countries," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 1-18, March.
    10. Yevgeniy Goryakin & Sophie P Thiébaut & Sébastien Cortaredona & M Aliénor Lerouge & Michele Cecchini & Andrea B Feigl & Bruno Ventelou, 2020. "Assessing the future medical cost burden for the European health systems under alternative exposure-to-risks scenarios," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, September.
    11. Giovanni Busetta & Maria Gabriella Campolo & Demetrio Panarello, 2020. "Weight-Based Discrimination in the Italian Labor Market: an Analysis of the Interaction with Gender and Ethnicity," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 18(4), pages 617-637, December.
    12. Christine Lewis & Patrice Ollivaud, 2020. "Policies for Switzerland’s ageing society," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1600, OECD Publishing.

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