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Puzzles in the Forex Tokyo “Fixing”: Order Imbalances and Biased Pricing by Banks

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  • Takatoshi Ito
  • Masahiro Yamada
Abstract
“Fixing” in the foreign exchange market is a market practice that determines the bid-ask-mid-point exchange rate at a scheduled time, 10am in Tokyo and 4pm in London. The fixing exchange rate is then applied to the settlement of foreign exchange transactions between banks and retail customers including broker dealers, institutional investors, insurance companies, exporters and importers, with varying bid-ask spreads. Our findings for the Tokyo fixing are summarized as follows. (1) Price spikes in the Tokyo fixing are more frequent than in the London fixing. (2) The customer orders are biased toward buying the foreign currencies, which is predictable. (3) Before 2008, the fixing prices set by banks were biased upward, and higher than the highest transaction price during the fixing time window. (4) Even after 2008, the fixing prices announced by banks were still above the median transaction price during the fixing window, suggesting that banks make predictable profits. (5) The calendar effects also matter for determination of the fixing rate and the price fluctuation around fixing time.

Suggested Citation

  • Takatoshi Ito & Masahiro Yamada, 2016. "Puzzles in the Forex Tokyo “Fixing”: Order Imbalances and Biased Pricing by Banks," NBER Working Papers 22820, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22820
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Xiaohong & Linton, Oliver & Schneeberger, Stefan & Yi, Yanping, 2019. "Semiparametric estimation of the bid–ask spread in extended roll models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 208(1), pages 160-178.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D43 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
    • D47 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Market Design
    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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