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Advanced Technologies Adoption and Use by U.S. Firms: Evidence from the Annual Business Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Nikolas Zolas
  • Zachary Kroff
  • Erik Brynjolfsson
  • Kristina McElheran
  • David N. Beede
  • Cathy Buffington
  • Nathan Goldschlag
  • Lucia Foster
  • Emin Dinlersoz
Abstract
We introduce a new survey module intended to complement and expand research on the causes and consequences of advanced technology adoption. The 2018 Annual Business Survey (ABS), conducted by the Census Bureau in partnership with the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), provides comprehensive and timely information on the diffusion among U.S. firms of advanced technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, robotics, and the digitization of business information. The 2018 ABS is a large, nationally representative sample of over 850,000 firms covering all private, nonfarm sectors of the economy. We describe the motivation for and development of the technology module in the ABS, as well as provide a first look at technology adoption and use patterns across firms and sectors. We find that digitization is quite widespread, as is some use of cloud computing. In contrast, advanced technology adoption is rare and generally skewed towards larger and older firms. Adoption patterns are consistent with a hierarchy of increasing technological sophistication, in which most firms that adopt AI or other advanced business technologies also use the other, more widely diffused technologies. Finally, while few firms are at the technology frontier, they tend to be large so technology exposure of the average worker is significantly higher. This new data will be available to qualified researchers on approved projects in the Federal Statistical Research Data Center network.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolas Zolas & Zachary Kroff & Erik Brynjolfsson & Kristina McElheran & David N. Beede & Cathy Buffington & Nathan Goldschlag & Lucia Foster & Emin Dinlersoz, 2020. "Advanced Technologies Adoption and Use by U.S. Firms: Evidence from the Annual Business Survey," NBER Working Papers 28290, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28290
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    3. Belloc, Filippo & Burdin, Gabriel & Cattani, Luca & Ellis, William & Landini, Fabio, 2022. "Coevolution of job automation risk and workplace governance," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(3).
    4. João Amador & Cátia Silva, 2023. "A view on ICT and digitalization in Portuguese firms," Economic Bulletin and Financial Stability Report Articles and Banco de Portugal Economic Studies, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
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    6. Haefner, Naomi & Parida, Vinit & Gassmann, Oliver & Wincent, Joakim, 2023. "Implementing and scaling artificial intelligence: A review, framework, and research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    7. Hamid Firooz & Zheng Liu & Yajie Wang, 2022. "Automation, Market Concentration, and the Labor Share," Working Paper Series 2022-05, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    8. Arntz, Melanie & Genz, Sabrina & Gregory, Terry & Lehmer, Florian & Zierahn-Weilage, Ulrich, 2024. "De-routinization in the fourth industrial revolution: Firm-level evidence," ZEW Discussion Papers 24-005, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    9. Zoran Aralica & Bruno Skrinjaric, 2021. "Adoption of digital and ICT technologies and firms’ productivity," Working Papers 2102, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb.
    10. Naudé, Wim & Bray, Amy & Lee, Celina, 2021. "Crowdsourcing Artificial Intelligence in Africa: Findings from a Machine Learning Contest," IZA Discussion Papers 14545, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Calza, Elisa & Lavopa, Alejandro & Ligia Zagato, 2022. "Advanced digital technologies and industrial resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A firm-level perspective," MERIT Working Papers 2022-008, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    12. Andres, Raphaela & Niebel, Thomas & Viete, Steffen, 2024. "Do capital incentive policies support today’s digitization needs?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1).
    13. Belloc, Filippo & Burdin, Gabriel & Landini, Fabio, 2022. "Robots, Digitalization, and Worker Voice," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1038, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    14. MORIKAWA Masayuki, 2024. "Use of Artificial Intelligence and Productivity: Evidence from firm and worker surveys," Discussion papers 24074, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    15. G. Jacob Blackwood & Cindy Cunningham & Matthew Dey & Lucia Foster & Cheryl Grim & John C. Haltiwanger & Rachel L. Nesbit & Sabrina Pabilonia & Jay Stewart & Cody Tuttle & Zoltan Wolf, 2023. "Opening the Black Box: Task and Skill Mix and Productivity Dispersion," NBER Chapters, in: Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    17. Gathmann, Christina & Kagerl, Christian & Pohlan, Laura & Roth, Duncan, 2024. "The pandemic push: Digital technologies and workforce adjustments," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    18. Filippo Belloc & Gabriel Burdin & Fabio Landini, 2023. "Advanced Technologies and Worker Voice," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 90(357), pages 1-38, January.
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    20. Danilov, Anastasia & Chugunova, Marina, 2022. "Use of digital technologies for HR management in Germany: Survey evidence," MPRA Paper 111530, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    JEL classification:

    • M15 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - IT Management
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O51 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - U.S.; Canada

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