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Testing CAPM with a Large Number of Assets

Author

Listed:
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Yamagata, Takashi

    (University of York)

Abstract
This paper is concerned with testing the time series implications of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) due to Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965), when the number of securities, N, is large relative to the time dimension, T, of the return series. In the case of cross-sectionally correlated errors, using a threshold estimator of the average squares of pair-wise error correlations a test is proposed and is shown to be valid even if N is much larger than T. Monte Carlo evidence show that the proposed test works well in small samples. The test is then applied to all securities in the S&P 500 index with 60 months of return data at the end of each month over the period September 1989-September 2011. Statistically significant evidence against Sharpe-Lintner CAPM is found mainly during the recent financial crisis. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation is found between a twelve-month moving average p-values of the test and the returns of long/short equity strategies relative to the return on S&P 500 over the period December 2006 to September 2011, suggesting that abnormal profits are earned during episodes of market inefficiencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Pesaran, M. Hashem & Yamagata, Takashi, 2012. "Testing CAPM with a Large Number of Assets," IZA Discussion Papers 6469, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6469
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Natalia Bailey & George Kapetanios & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2019. "Exponent of Cross-sectional Dependence for Residuals," Sankhya B: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Springer;Indian Statistical Institute, vol. 81(1), pages 46-102, September.
    2. Natalia Bailey & George Kapetanios & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2016. "Exponent of Cross‐Sectional Dependence: Estimation and Inference," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(6), pages 929-960, September.
    3. Li, Shaoran & Linton, Oliver, 2021. "When will the Covid-19 pandemic peak?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 220(1), pages 130-157.
    4. Stefano Giglio & Dacheng Xiu, 2017. "Inference on Risk Premia in the Presence of Omitted Factors," NBER Working Papers 23527, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Marcelo Bianconi & Joe Akira Yoshino, 2015. "Empirical Estimation of the Cost of Equity: An Application to Selected Brazilian Utilities Companies," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 5, pages 1-21, February.
    6. Kim, Soohun & Skoulakis, Georgios, 2018. "Ex-post risk premia estimation and asset pricing tests using large cross sections: The regression-calibration approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 204(2), pages 159-188.
    7. Ge, S. & Li, S. & Linton, O., 2020. "A Dynamic Network of Arbitrage Characteristics," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2060, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    8. Feng, Long & Lan, Wei & Liu, Binghui & Ma, Yanyuan, 2022. "High-dimensional test for alpha in linear factor pricing models with sparse alternatives," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 229(1), pages 152-175.
    9. Yu, Xiufan & Yao, Jiawei & Xue, Lingzhou, 2024. "Power enhancement for testing multi-factor asset pricing models via Fisher’s method," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 239(2).
    10. Sermin Gungor & Richard Luger, 2016. "Multivariate Tests of Mean-Variance Efficiency and Spanning With a Large Number of Assets and Time-Varying Covariances," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(2), pages 161-175, April.
    11. Seung C. Ahn & Alex R. Horenstein, 2017. "Asset Pricing and Excess Returns over the Market Return," Working Papers 2017-12, University of Miami, Department of Economics.
    12. Jianqing Fan & Yuan Liao & Martina Mincheva, 2013. "Large covariance estimation by thresholding principal orthogonal complements," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 75(4), pages 603-680, September.
    13. Fan, Jianqing & Ke, Yuan & Liao, Yuan, 2021. "Augmented factor models with applications to validating market risk factors and forecasting bond risk premia," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 269-294.
    14. Linton, O. & Tang, H., 2020. "Estimation of the Kronecker Covariance Model by Quadratic Form," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2050, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    15. David Ardia & S'ebastien Laurent & Rosnel Sessinou, 2024. "High-Dimensional Mean-Variance Spanning Tests," Papers 2403.17127, arXiv.org.
    16. Bailey, Natalia & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Smith, L. Vanessa, 2019. "A multiple testing approach to the regularisation of large sample correlation matrices," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 208(2), pages 507-534.
    17. Auld, T., 2022. "Political markets as equity price factors," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2264, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    18. Dante Amengual & Luca Repetto, 2014. "Testing a Large Number of Hypotheses in Approximate Factor Models," Working Papers wp2014_1410, CEMFI.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CAPM; testing for alpha; market efficiency; long/short equity returns; large panels; weak and strong cross-sectional dependence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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