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Gender Diversity, Labour in the Boardroom and Gender Quotas

Author

Listed:
  • Kunze, Astrid

    (Norwegian School of Economics)

  • Scharfenkamp, Katrin

    (University of Bielefeld)

Abstract
This study investigates boards of (non-executive) directors and whether employee representation has a positive effect on gender diversity on boards. We exploit rich, newly assembled board–director matched panel data for Norway and Germany, which contain unique information on whether a director represents shareholders or employees during the period around 2008, when a Norwegian board gender quota came into effect. We present two novel results that challenge previous thinking about the effects of board gender quotas on women directors. First, we find a positive impact of employee representation before the gender quota reform on gender diversity. Second, although the Norwegian gender quota has increased the probability of a director being female, the effect through employee representation has relatively decreased after the implementation of the reform. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for the design of co-determination laws and gender quotas.

Suggested Citation

  • Kunze, Astrid & Scharfenkamp, Katrin, 2022. "Gender Diversity, Labour in the Boardroom and Gender Quotas," IZA Discussion Papers 15691, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15691
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    File URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp15691.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Yannis Galanakis & Amanda Gosling, 2024. "Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap - The role of Board Gender Composition," Working Papers 045, The Productivity Institute.
    2. von Essen, Emma & Smith, Nina, 2024. "Do Women on Boards Matter? Network and Spillover Effects on Gender Gaps within Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 17401, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    affirmative action; employee representation; shared governance; co-determination; women; boards of directors; firm size;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • K3 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law
    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • M54 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Labor Management

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