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Does the Community Reinvestment Act Increase Small Business Lending in Lower Income Neighborhoods?

Author

Listed:
  • Kim, Mee Jung

    (Sejong University)

  • Lee, Kyung Min

    (George Mason University)

  • Earle, John S.

    (George Mason University)

Abstract
We estimate the impact of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) on small business lending in lower-income neighborhoods. Using 2004-2016 panel data on census tracts, we apply a combined regression discontinuity and fixed effect method. We find that the number of small business loans increases by about 3 to 4 percent and the total dollar amount of small business loans by about 6 to 10 percent in tracts becoming treated by the CRA. The results are robust along many dimensions and suggest that the CRA has a positive impact on access to finance for small businesses in lower income areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Earle, John S., 2021. "Does the Community Reinvestment Act Increase Small Business Lending in Lower Income Neighborhoods?," IZA Discussion Papers 14681, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14681
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Brown, J. David & Earle, John S., 2021. "Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints," IZA Discussion Papers 14403, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Lee, Hyojung & Bostic, Raphael W., 2020. "Bank adaptation to neighborhood change: Mortgage lending and the Community Reinvestment Act," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    3. Neil Bhutta, 2011. "The Community Reinvestment Act and Mortgage Lending to Lower Income Borrowers and Neighborhoods," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(4), pages 953-983.
    4. Robert B. Avery & Kenneth P. Brevoort, 2015. "The Subprime Crisis: Is Government Housing Policy to Blame?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 97(2), pages 352-363, May.
    5. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2015. "Has the Community Reinvestment Act increased loan availability among small businesses operating in minority neighbourhoods?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(9), pages 1702-1721, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Panagiotis Avramidis & George Pennacchi & Konstantinos Serfes & Kejia Wu, 2022. "The Role of Regulation and Bank Competition in Small Firm Financing: Evidence from the Community Reinvestment Act," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(8), pages 2301-2340, December.
    2. Kim, Mee Jung, 2023. "Impact of the Community Reinvestment Act on small business employment in lower income neighborhoods," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    3. repec:ags:aaea22:335703 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    community reinvestment act; small business lending; financial constraints; lower income neighborhood;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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