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The Design and Effects of Monetary Policy in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Author

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  • Mohsin S. Khan

    (Peterson Institute for International Economics)

Abstract
Since the 1990s there have been a number of major changes in the design and conduct of monetary policy. In a globalized environment, there is less time to adjust to shocks and greater need to achieve closer convergence of economic performance among trading partners. As a result, a number of developing countries have adopted exchange rate regimes with more flexibility, and thereby greater scope for monetary policy. Notable examples include a number of sub-Saharan African countries moving from fixed exchange-rate regimes to more flexible regimes and the adoption of formal or informal inflation targeting regimes by some of these countries. These changes have triggered considerable debate on how monetary policy should be conducted and the effects it has on the real economy. Mohsin Khan discusses the conventional objectives, targets, and instruments of monetary policy, including an analysis of the monetary transmission process. This paper examines the problems of dynamic inconsistency and inflationary bias, where governments deviate from their stated or target inflation level in order to obtain short-run output gains. Most economists now agree that any rules-based regime permits a margin for discretion, and they reject the idea that rules and discretion are mutually exclusive. As policymakers in many countries throughout the world have gravitated toward an approach based more on rules than on full discretion, a key issue is choosing an appropriate policy target, or nominal anchor. Khan discusses nominal anchors and current monetary frameworks before moving on to analyze the output effects of monetary policy. He looks at the relationship between the growth of GDP and different monetary aggregates in 20 sub-Saharan African economies and finds empirical support for the hypothesis that credit growth is more closely linked than is money growth to the growth of real GDP in these countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohsin S. Khan, 2010. "The Design and Effects of Monetary Policy in Sub-Saharan African Countries," Working Paper Series WP10-11, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp10-11
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    Cited by:

    1. Abiola John Asaleye & Rotdelmwa Filibus Maimako & Adedoyin Isola Lawal & Henry Inegbedion & Olabisi Popoola, 2021. "Monetary Policy Channels and Agricultural Performance: Evidence from Nigeria," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 11(3), pages 205-218, March.
    2. Junankar, Pramod N. (Raja), 2019. "Monetary Policy, Growth and Employment in Developing Areas: A Review of the Literature," IZA Discussion Papers 12197, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monetary policy; Africa;

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • N17 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Africa; Oceania

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