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Hacia un envejecimiento responsable: Las reformas de los sistemas pensionales América Latina

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  • Stephen Meardon
Abstract
Durante buena parte de la era previa a la globalización, desde la década de 1860 hasta la I Guerra Mundial, Estados Unidos mantuvo aranceles sorprendentemente elevados. Los historiadores que se ocupan del tema económico actual han sugerido que el proteccionismo de EE. UU. fue producto de una `reacción violenta` contra la globalización que fue el comienzo de su fin. También han sostenido que esa reacción violenta encierra una enseñanza para el presente: específicamente, que debemos ocuparnos de las desigualdades de la distribución que engendra la globalización, o de lo contrario la globalización volverá a sembrar la semilla de su propia destrucción. Demuestro que los aranceles de EE. UU. no fueron el producto de una reacción violenta. Un recuento de ideas sobre economía en EE. UU. durante el Siglo XIX concentrado en dos comisiones arancelarias en 1866-1870 y 1882 revela que las ideas debatidas en los círculos intelectuales y de políticas de ese entonces no mostraban señal alguna de una reacción violenta contra la globalización. La característica importante de la historia intelectual y arancelaria de EE. UU. no es una reacción violenta contra la globalización, sino más bien la falta, en la mayoría de los recuentos históricos, de ciertos pensadores e ideas que fueron fundamentales para la discusión. Por consiguiente, la enseñanza que encierra la historia para la actualidad no es que debemos ocuparnos de las desigualdades de la globalización. (Es probable que esa enseñanza se mantenga o quede fuera de la historia). En vez de eso, se trata de que necesitamos ocuparnos de la idea de la reacción violenta, la cual tiene un asidero en la historia más profundo que los elementos de juicio. La enseñanza implica que para entender el presente y el futuro de la globalización, lo que se necesita son recuentos históricos de las ideas.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Meardon, 2006. "Hacia un envejecimiento responsable: Las reformas de los sistemas pensionales América Latina," Research Department Publications 4312, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4312
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    References listed on IDEAS

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