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Adjusting the Labour Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks: Evidence from Rural Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Manuel Fern�ndez

    (World Bank, Washington, DC)

  • Ana Mar�a Ib��ez

    (Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia)

  • Ximena

    (Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia)

Abstract
This paper studies the use of labour markets to mitigate the impact of violent shocks on households in rural areas in Colombia. We examine changes in the labour supply from on-farm to off-farm labour as a means of coping with the violent shock and the ensuing redistribution of time within households. We also identify the heterogeneous response by gender. Because the incidence of violent shocks is not exogenous, we use instrumental variables which capture several dimensions of the cost of exercising terror. As a response to the violent shocks, households decrease the time spent on on-farm work and increase their supply of labour to off-farm activities (i.e., non-agricultural ones). Men carry the bulk of the adjustment in the use of time inasmuch as they supply the most hours to off-farm nonagricultural work and formal labour markets. Labour markets are not fully absorbing the additional labour supply. Women in particular are unable to find jobs in formal labour markets and men have increased time dedicated to leisure and household chores. Additional off-farm supply is not fully covering drops in consumption. Our results suggest that in rural Colombia, labour markets are a limited alternative for coping with violent shocks. Thus, policies in conflict-affected countries should go beyond short-term relief and aim at preventing labour markets from collapsing and at supporting the recovery of agricultural production.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Fern�ndez & Ana Mar�a Ib��ez & Ximena, 2011. "Adjusting the Labour Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks: Evidence from Rural Colombia," HiCN Working Papers 103, Households in Conflict Network.
    • Handle: RePEc:hic:wpaper:103
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    11. Odozi, John Chiwuzulum & Uwaifo Oyelere, Ruth, 2021. "Does violent conflict affect the labor supply of farm households? The Nigerian experience," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(3), pages 401-435, December.
    12. Ceren Baysan & Marshall Burke & Felipe González & Solomon Hsiang & Edward Miguel, 2018. "Economic and Non-Economic Factors in Violence: Evidence from Organized Crime, Suicides and Climate in Mexico," NBER Working Papers 24897, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Ham Gonzalez, Andres & Ruiz, Juanita, 2024. "The Labor Market Effects of Drug-Related Violence in a Transit Country," IZA Discussion Papers 17126, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Loaiza, Osmar & Muñetón, Guberney & Vanegas, Gabriel, 2014. "The relationship between multidimensional poverty and armed conflict: the case of Antioquia, Colombia," MPRA Paper 62462, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Jan 2015.
    15. Baysan, Ceren & Burke, Marshall & González, Felipe & Hsiang, Solomon & Miguel, Edward, 2019. "Non-economic factors in violence: Evidence from organized crime, suicides and climate in Mexico," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 434-452.
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    18. Isabelle Joumard & Juliana Londoño Vélez, 2013. "Income Inequality and Poverty in Colombia - Part 1. The Role of the Labour Market," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1036, OECD Publishing.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J40 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - General

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