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Roma Employment in Hungary After the Post-Communist Transition

Author

Listed:
  • Gabor Kertesi

    (Institute of Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

  • Gabor Kezdi

    (Central European University, Institute of Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

Abstract
We analyze the magnitude and the causes of the low formal employment rate of the Roma in Hungary between 1993 and 2007. The employment rate of the Roma dropped dramatically around 1990. The ethnic employment gap has been 40 percentage points for both men and women and has stayed remarkably stable. Differences in education are the most important factor behind the gap, the number of children is important for female employment, and geographic differences play little role once education is controlled for. Conditional on employment, the gap in earnings is 0.3, and half of it is explained by educational differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabor Kertesi & Gabor Kezdi, 2010. "Roma Employment in Hungary After the Post-Communist Transition," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 1009, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:has:bworkp:1009
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kertesi, Gábor, 2000. "Ingázás a falusi Magyarországon. Egy megoldatlan probléma [Commuting in rural Hungary. An unresolved problem]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(10), pages 775-798.
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    4. Fairlie, Robert W, 1999. "The Absence of the African-American Owned Business: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Employment," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(1), pages 80-108, January.
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    6. Kertesi Gabor & Kezdi Gabor, 2008. "Children of the Post-Communist Transition: Age at the Time of the Parents' Job Loss and Dropping Out of Secondary School," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 7(2), pages 1-27, January.
    7. Niall O'Higgins & Andrey Ivanov, 2006. "Education and Employment Opportunities for the Roma," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 48(1), pages 6-19, March.
    8. Jan Svejnar, 2002. "Transition Economies: Performance and Challenges," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 3-28, Winter.
    9. Susanne Milcher, 2006. "Poverty and the Determinants of Welfare for Roma and Other Vulnerable Groups in Southeastern Europe," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 48(1), pages 20-35, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Ciaian, Pavel & Kancs, D’Artis, 2019. "Marginalisation of Roma: Root Causes and Possible Policy Actions," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(1), pages 115-130, February.
    2. Gabor Kertesi & Gabor Kezdi, 2013. "School segregation, school choice and educational policies in 100 Hungarian towns," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 1312, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    3. Horn, Dániel & Lindner, Attila, 2022. "Kézdi Gábor (1971-2021) [Gábor Kézdi (1971-2021)]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 1245-1254.
    4. Ciaian, Pavel & Kancs, D’artis, 2018. "Social Mobility Barriers for Roma: Discrimination and Informal Institutions," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(4), pages 670-685, October.
    5. Pavel Ciaian & d'Artis Kancs, 2016. "Causes of the Social and Economic Marginalisation: The Role of Social Mobility Barriers for Roma," EERI Research Paper Series EERI RP 2016/03, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI), Brussels.
    6. M. Kopasz & Z. Fábián & András Gábos & Márton Medgyesi & P. Szivós & István György Tóth, 2013. "GINI Country Report: Growing Inequalities and their Impacts in Hungary," GINI Country Reports hungary, AIAS, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.
    7. Martin Kahanec, 2014. "Roma integration in European labor markets," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 1-39, May.
    8. Kertesi, Gábor & Köllő, János & Szabó, Lajos Tamás & Károlyi, Róbert, 2022. "Hogyan lesz az etnikai előítéletből foglalkoztatási diszkrimináció? A kisvállalatok szerepe [How does ethnic prejudice turn into employment discrimination? The role of small companies]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 1345-1376.
    9. Ensar Yılmaz & Ibrahim Engin Kılıç, 2021. "Deprivation: Endowment and Discrimination?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 177-196, November.
    10. Hajdu Tamás & Kertesi Gábor & Kézdi Gábor, 2019. "Inter-Ethnic Friendship and Hostility between Roma and non-Roma Students in Hungary: The Role of Exposure and Academic Achievement," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, January.
    11. Katalin Kovács, 2015. "Advancing marginalisation of Roma and forms of segregation in East Central Europe," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 30(7), pages 783-799, November.
    12. Gábor Kertesi & Gábor Kézdi, 2016. "On the test score gap between Roma and non-Roma students in Hungary and its potential causes," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 24(1), pages 135-162, January.
    13. Burchardt, Tania & Obolenskaya, Polina & Vizard, Polly & Battaglini, Mario, 2018. "Experience of multiple disadvantage among Roma, Gypsy and Traveller children in England and Wales," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103529, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    14. Ágnes Lukács J. & Beáta Dávid, 2019. "Roma Undergraduates’ Personal Network in the Process of College Transition. A Social Capital Approach," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 60(1), pages 64-82, February.
    15. Béla Janky & Béla Janky & Boglarka Bakó & Péter Szilágyi & Adrienn Bognár, 2014. "Stigmatising the Poor without Negative Images: Images of Extreme Poverty and the Formation of Welfare Attitudes," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 19(3), pages 246-255, September.
    16. Claudia Trentini, 2014. "Ethnic patterns of returns to education in Bulgaria," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 22(1), pages 105-137, January.
    17. Mario Battaglini & Tania Burchardt & Polina Obolenskaya & Polly Vizard, 2018. "Experience of multiple disadvantage among Roma, Gypsy and Traveller children in England and Wales," CASE Papers /208, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    18. Laetitia Duval & François-­charles Wolff, 2015. "" I Even Met Happy Gypsies " : Life Satisfaction of Roma Youth in the Balkans," Working Papers hal-01219250, HAL.
    19. Kosztopulosz, Andreász & Málovics, György & Méreiné Berki, Boglárka, 2024. "Pénzügyi képességek és a mélyszegény, szegregált roma családok pénzügyi helyzete [Financial capabilities and the financial situation of Roma families living in extreme poverty and spatial segregati," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 850-874.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Roma minority; employment; education; Hungary;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J70 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - General

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