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Estimating changes in supervisory standards and their economic effects

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Abstract
The disappointingly slow recovery in the U.S. from the recent recession and financial crisis has once again focused attention on the relationship between financial frictions and economic growth. With bank loans having only recently started growing and still sluggish, some bankers and borrowers have suggested that unnecessarily tight supervisory policies have been a constraint on new lending that is hindering recovery. This paper explores one specific aspect of supervisory policy: whether the standards used to assign commercial bank CAMELS ratings have changed materially over time (1991-2011). We show that models incorporating time-varying parameters or economy-wide variables suggest that standards used in the assignment of CAMELS ratings in recent years generally have been in line with historical experience. Indeed, each of the models used in this analysis suggests that the variation in those standards has been relatively small in absolute terms over most of the sample period. However, we show that when this particular aspect of supervisory stringency becomes elevated, it has a noticeable dampening effect on lending activity in subsequent quarters.

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  • William F. Bassett & Seung Jung Lee & Thomas W. Spiller, 2012. "Estimating changes in supervisory standards and their economic effects," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2012-55, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2012-55
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    Cited by:

    1. Lakshmi Balasubramanyan & Joseph G. Haubrich, 2014. "What do we know about regional banks? An exploratory analysis," Working Papers (Old Series) 1316, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    2. Beverly Hirtle & Anna Kovner, 2022. "Bank Supervision," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 39-56, November.
    3. Francesco Marchionne & Michele Fratianni & Federico Giri & Luca Papi, 2022. "Frequency vs. Size of Bank Fines in Local Credit Markets," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 8(3), pages 549-583, November.
    4. Aparicio, Juan & Duran, Miguel A. & Lozano-Vivas, Ana & Pastor, Jesus T., 2018. "Are charter value and supervision aligned? A segmentation analysis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 60-73.
    5. Bassett, William F. & Chosak, Mary Beth & Driscoll, John C. & Zakrajšek, Egon, 2014. "Changes in bank lending standards and the macroeconomy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 23-40.
    6. Marsh, W. Blake, 2023. "Supervisory stringency, payout restrictions, and bank equity prices," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    7. Franco Fiordelisi & Gabriele Lattanzio & Davide S. Mare, 2022. "How binding is supervisory guidance? Evidence from the European calendar provisioning," Working Papers 2022/05, Nazarbayev University, Graduate School of Business.
    8. Pavel Kapinos, 2021. "Paycheck Protection Program: County-Level Determinants and Effect on Unemployment," Working Papers 2105, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    9. Beverly Hirtle & Anna Kovner & Matthew Plosser, 2020. "The Impact of Supervision on Bank Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(5), pages 2765-2808, October.
    10. Gilani, Usman & Keasey, Kevin & Vallascas, Francesco, 2021. "Board financial expertise and the capital decisions of US banks," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    11. Zhivaikina, A. & Peresetsky, A., 2017. "Russian Bank Credit Ratings and Bank License Withdrawal 2012-2016," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 36(4), pages 49-80.
    12. Elizabeth K. Kiser & Robin A. Prager & Jason R. Scott, 2012. "Supervisor ratings and the contraction of bank lending to small businesses," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2012-59, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    13. Michael B. Imerman, 2020. "When enough is not enough: bank capital and the Too-Big-To-Fail subsidy," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 1371-1406, November.
    14. Michael B. Imerman, 0. "When enough is not enough: bank capital and the Too-Big-To-Fail subsidy," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-36.
    15. Berger, Allen N. & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane & Roman, Raluca A., 2022. "Geographic deregulation and banks’ cost of equity capital," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    16. Konstantinos Drakos & Ioannis Malandrakis, 2021. "Global Versus Non-Global Banks: A Capital Ratios-Based Analysis," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(2), pages 5-22.
    17. Yang, Ling, 2016. "Is Bank Supervision Effective? Evidence from the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses," MPRA Paper 75761, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. John Kandrac & Bernd Schlusche, 2017. "The Effect of Bank Supervision on Risk Taking : Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-079, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    19. Lewis Gaul & Jonathan Jones & Pinar Uysal, 2019. "Forecasting High-Risk Composite CAMELS Ratings," International Finance Discussion Papers 1252, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    20. Bassett, William F. & Marsh, W. Blake, 2017. "Assessing targeted macroprudential financial regulation: The case of the 2006 commercial real estate guidance for banks," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 209-228.
    21. Meeks, Roland, 2017. "Capital regulation and the macroeconomy: Empirical evidence and macroprudential policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 125-141.
    22. Hwa, Vivian & Kapinos, Pavel & Ramirez, Carlos D., 2018. "Does regulatory bank oversight impact economic activity? A local projections approach," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 167-174.
    23. Clark, Ephraim & Mare, Davide Salvatore & Radić, Nemanja, 2018. "Cooperative banks: What do we know about competition and risk preferences?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 90-101.

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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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