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Defining Households That Are Underserved in Digital Payment Services

Author

Listed:
  • Claire Greene
  • Fumiko Hayashi
  • Alicia Lloro
  • Oz Shy
  • Joanna Stavins
  • Ying Lei Toh
Abstract
US households that lack digital means of making and receiving payments cannot participate fully in an increasingly digitized economy. Assessing the scope of this problem and addressing it requires a definition of households that are underserved in digital payments. Traditional definitions of households underserved in the banking system—those that are unbanked and those that are underbanked—do not account for the ownership of nonbank transaction accounts that can be used to make and receive digital payments. In this paper, we define households underserved in digital payments by considering four key elements—access, use, safety, and affordability—and discuss how researchers may assess these elements to quantify the share of households underserved in digital payments.

Suggested Citation

  • Claire Greene & Fumiko Hayashi & Alicia Lloro & Oz Shy & Joanna Stavins & Ying Lei Toh, 2024. "Defining Households That Are Underserved in Digital Payment Services," Working Papers 24-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedbwp:98803
    DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2024.10
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Allen, Franklin & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Klapper, Leora & Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad, 2016. "The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 1-30.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    digital payments; underserved; fintech; financial inclusion; nonbanks;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D18 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Protection
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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