[go: up one dir, main page]

IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/dls/wpaper/0156.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Escaneo de Políticas y Meta-Análisis: Juventud y Políticas de Empleo en América Latina (Policy scan and meta-analysis: Youth and Employment policies in Latin America)

Author

Listed:
  • Evelyn Vezza

    (CEDLAS)

Abstract
Las iniciativas de empleo juvenil han adquirido protagonismo en el espacio de políticas al mostrarse adversos y persistentes los resultados obtenidos por los jóvenes en el mercado de trabajo. Los principales objetivos del documento son identificar los patrones de las iniciativas recientes en la región e identificar qué lecciones pueden ser aprendidas de ellas. Para lograr estos propósitos, el documento actualiza y sistematiza 65 iniciativas desarrolladas en 18 países de América Latina desde 2008 a la actualidad, y realiza una revisión de los hallazgos emergentes de las evaluaciones de impacto de 12 iniciativas, publicados en este período de referencia. Las políticas e instituciones sobre regulaciones laborales para trabajadores jóvenes han sido impulsadas con mayor frecuencia para superar las barreras de la demanda laboral para jóvenes, más allá de que los programas de políticas activas de mercado de trabajo han sido la respuesta más recurrente en el conjunto de iniciativas analizadas. Las iniciativas orientadas a la oferta laboral son las que tienen una mayor participación en el total de intervenciones, y la mayoría de los países ha desarrollado alguna iniciativa para la promoción de la iniciativa empresarial entre los jóvenes. En muchos países, los programas actualmente en funcionamiento son el resultado de nuevas ediciones y revisiones de programas preexistentes. Aunque la evidencia rigurosa sobre el desempeño de los programas es aún escasa, reside un potencial de aprendizaje en los puntos comunes resaltados en las nuevas evaluaciones y revisiones de políticas en el mundo. La efectividad de los programas sobre los resultados del mercado de trabajo parecen encontrarse más correlacionada a la focalización y cómo la intervención fue implementada que al tipo de intervención. Las iniciativas integrales, que combinan diferentes intervenciones también muestran un mejor desempeño que los programas que desarrollan un único componente. Sin embargo, debido a que la principal lección aprendida en la experiencia internacional es que los efectos de las intervenciones dependen mayormente de variables específicas a cada país, se necesitan mayores esfuerzos de investigación para evaluar las intervenciones en sus específicos contextos de país. (Youth employment initiatives have become protagonists in the policy space, as the adverse outcomes faced by youth in the labour market remain persistent. The main aims of this document are to identify the recent patterns associated to these youth initiatives in the region and to identify lessons that can be learnt from them. In order to achieve these purposes, it updates and systematizes 65 initiatives that have been implemented in 18 Latin American countries from 2008 up to date, and reviews the findings of 12 initiatives with impact evaluations that have been published during this period. Despite the active labour market programmes have appeared as the more recurrent response in the set of initiatives to handle the youth employment problems, labour market regulations have been more frequent to address labour demand barriers for youth recently. Supply-oriented initiatives account for the highest share of interventions, and most countries have developed initiatives to fostering youth entrepreneurship. The programmes in place in many countries are the result of combining earlier with newer initiatives. Although rigorous evidence is still scarce, some learning potential lies on the common features between the impact evaluations that took place during 2008-13 in the region and the worldwide reviews. The programmes effectiveness on labour market outcomes seem to be more correlated to targeting and how the intervention is delivered than to the type of intervention. Comprehensive initiatives that combine different interventions also work better than programmes that rely on a single component. However, the main lesson learned in international experience is that interventions effects depend mostly on country-specific variables and therefore further research efforts are needed in assessing the interventions in their own specific country contexts.)

Suggested Citation

  • Evelyn Vezza, 2014. "Escaneo de Políticas y Meta-Análisis: Juventud y Políticas de Empleo en América Latina (Policy scan and meta-analysis: Youth and Employment policies in Latin America)," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0156, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  • Handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0156
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/archivos_upload/doc_cedlas156.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Card & Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber, 2010. "Active Labour Market Policy Evaluations: A Meta-Analysis," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 120(548), pages 452-477, November.
    2. David Card & Pablo Ibarrarán & Ferdinando Regalia & David Rosas-Shady & Yuri Soares, 2011. "The Labor Market Impacts of Youth Training in the Dominican Republic," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 29(2), pages 267-300.
    3. Betcherman, Gordon & Godfrey, Martin & Puerto, Susana & Rother, Friederike & Stavreska, Antoneta, 2007. "A review of interventions to support young workers : findings of the youth employment inventory," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 41412, The World Bank.
    4. Cho, Yoonyoung & Honorati, Maddalena, 2014. "Entrepreneurship programs in developing countries: A meta regression analysis," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 110-130.
    5. Pablo Ibarrar�n & David Rosas Shady, 2009. "Evaluating the impact of job training programmes in Latin America: evidence from IDB funded operations," Journal of Development Effectiveness, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(2), pages 195-216, June.
    6. Viollaz, Mariana, 2014. "Transición de la escuela al trabajo. Tres décadas de evidencia para América Latina," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
    7. Fares, Jean & Puerto, Olga Susana, 2009. "Towards comprehensive training," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 52188, The World Bank.
    8. Gasparini Leonardo & Leonardo Tornaroli, 2009. "Labor Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean: Patterns and Trends from Household Survey Microdata," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, September.
    9. Orazio Attanasio & Adriana Kugler & Costas Meghir, 2011. "Subsidizing Vocational Training for Disadvantaged Youth in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Trial," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 3(3), pages 188-220, July.
    10. Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. & Semlali, Amina & Brodmann, Stefanie, 2010. "Non-public provision of active labor market programs in Arab- Mediterranean countries : an inventory of youth programs," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 55673, The World Bank.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Janice Tripney & Jorge Hombrados & Mark Newman & Kimberly Hovish & Chris Brown & Katarzyna Steinka‐Fry & Eric Wilkey, 2013. "Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Interventions to Improve the Employability and Employment of Young People in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Systematic Review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(1), pages 1-171.
    2. Maria Laura Alzúa & Soyolmaa Batbekh & Altantsetseg Batchuluun & Bayarmaa Dalkhjav & José Galdo, 2021. "Demand-Driven Youth Training Programs: Experimental Evidence from Mongolia," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 35(3), pages 720-744.
    3. World Bank Group, 2015. "Toward Solutions for Youth Employment," World Bank Publications - Reports 23261, The World Bank Group.
    4. Maria Laura Alzúa & Soyolmaa Batbekh & Altantsetseg Batchuluun & Bayarmaa Dalkhjavd & José Galdo, 2019. "Living with the Neighbors: Demand-Driven Youth Training Programs: Experimental Evidence from Mongolia," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0249, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    5. Peter J. Glick & Crystal Huang & Nelly Mejia, 2015. "The Private Sector and Youth Skills and Employment Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries," World Bank Publications - Reports 23260, The World Bank Group.
    6. Cho, Yoonyoung & Honorati, Maddalena, 2014. "Entrepreneurship programs in developing countries: A meta regression analysis," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 110-130.
    7. Cho,Yoonyoung & Kalomba, Davie & Mobarak,Ahmed Mushfiq & Orozco Olvera,Victor Hugo & Cho,Yoonyoung & Kalomba, Davie & Mobarak,Ahmed Mushfiq & Orozco Olvera,Victor Hugo, 2013. "Gender differences in the effects of vocational training : constraints on women and drop-out behavior," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6545, The World Bank.
    8. Arif Mamun & Evan Borkum & Kristen Velyvis & Luke Heinkel & John Middleton, "undated". "The Millennium Challenge Corporation's Vocational Training Activity in Namibia: Evaluation Design Report," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 80d2989ca5c64313afe4bc4fd, Mathematica Policy Research.
    9. Kluve, Jochen & Puerto, Susanna & Robalino, David & Romero, José Manuel & Rother, Friederike & Stöterau, Jonathan & Weidenkaff, Felix & Witte, Marc, 2016. "Do Youth Employment Programs Improve Labor Market Outcomes? A Systematic Review," Ruhr Economic Papers 648, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    10. Zimmermann, Klaus F. & Biavaschi, Costanza & Eichhorst, Werner & Giulietti, Corrado & Kendzia, Michael J. & Muravyev, Alexander & Pieters, Janneke & Rodríguez-Planas, Núria & Schmidl, Ricarda, 2013. "Youth Unemployment and Vocational Training," Foundations and Trends(R) in Microeconomics, now publishers, vol. 9(1–2), pages 1-157, December.
    11. Janice Tripney & Mark Newman & Kimberly Hovish & Chris Brown, 2012. "PROTOCOL: Post‐basic Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Interventions to Improve Employability and Employment of TVET Graduates in Low‐ and Middle‐income Countries," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(1), pages 1-53.
    12. Beber, Bernd & Lakemann, Tabea & Schnars, Regina & Lay, Jann, 2024. "Employment effects of skills trainings in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of recent randomized controlled trials," Ruhr Economic Papers 1080, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    13. Evan Borkum & Arif Mamun & Malik Khan Mubeen, "undated". "Evaluation of the Vocational Training Grant Fund in Namibia: Final Report," Mathematica Policy Research Reports c23d691613754f048ef486f03, Mathematica Policy Research.
    14. Chakravarty, Shubha & Lundberg, Mattias & Nikolov, Plamen & Zenker, Juliane, 2019. "Vocational training programs and youth labor market outcomes: Evidence from Nepal," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 71-110.
    15. Evan Borkum & Arif Mamun & Linus Marco & Malik Khan Mubeen, "undated". "Evaluation of the Vocational Training Grant Fund in Namibia: Baseline Report," Mathematica Policy Research Reports e62360de0bf845e3b67ee22ff, Mathematica Policy Research.
    16. Kluve, Jochen., 2016. "A review of the effectiveness of active labour market programmes with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean," ILO Working Papers 994901193402676, International Labour Organization.
    17. Beber, Bernd & Dworschak, Regina & Lakemann, Tabea & Lay, Jann & Priebe, Jan, 2021. "Skills Development and Training Interventions in Africa: Findings, Challenges, and Opportunities," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 247426.
    18. María laura Alzúa & Guillermo Cruces & Carolina Lopez, 2016. "Long-Run Effects Of Youth Training Programs: Experimental Evidence From Argentina," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 54(4), pages 1839-1859, October.
    19. Premand, Patrick & Brodmann, Stefanie & Almeida, Rita & Grun, Rebekka & Barouni, Mahdi, 2016. "Entrepreneurship Education and Entry into Self-Employment Among University Graduates," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 311-327.
    20. Chung Choe & Alfonso Flores-Lagunes & Sang-Jun Lee, 2015. "Do dropouts with longer training exposure benefit from training programs? Korean evidence employing methods for continuous treatments," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 849-881, March.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0156. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ana Pacheco (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/funlpar.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.