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Military Expenditure, Investment and Growth

Author

Listed:
  • J. Paul Dunne

    (School of Economics, University of Cape Town)

  • Ron P Smith

    (School of Economics Mathematics and Statistics, Birkbeck College)

Abstract
This paper considers the issues involved in estimating the effect of military expenditure on growth and the reasons for the lack of consensus in the literature. It briefly reviews the economic theory, emphasising the difficult identification issues involved in determining the interaction between military expenditure and output and discusses econometric methods for panels. It then takes advantage of the extended SIPRI military spending to construct a relatively large balanced panel of countries for the period 1960-2014. Rather than the usual focus on the direct relation between military spending on growth, it focusses upon the investment channel. It provides estimates of various models examining the interaction between the three variables and finds that the data do not suggest any strong relations between military expenditure and either investment or growth. This is not unexpected given the theoretical and econometric problems identified.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Paul Dunne & Ron P Smith, 2019. "Military Expenditure, Investment and Growth," School of Economics Macroeconomic Discussion Paper Series 2019-01, School of Economics, University of Cape Town.
    • Handle: RePEc:ctn:dpaper:2019-01
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    Cited by:

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    2. A.K. SUSILO & Dyah Wulan SARI & I Nengah PUTRA & N.A. PRATIWI, 2022. "Economic Growth And Military Expenditure In Developing Countries During Covid-19 Pandemic," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 22(1), pages 19-38.
    3. Oasis Kodila-Tedika & Sherif Khalifa, 2021. "African Junta and Defence Spending: A Capture Effect or Self-preservation? [A Theory of Military Dictatorships]," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 30(3), pages 285-300.
    4. Gentilucci, Eleonora, 2020. "A causality analysis. Military expenditures and economic growth in USA and China," MPRA Paper 104848, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. J. Paul Dunne & Nan Tian, 2019. "Military Expenditures and Economic Growth," School of Economics Macroeconomic Discussion Paper Series 2019-05, School of Economics, University of Cape Town.
    6. Christos Kollias & Panayiotis Tzeremes, 2022. "Militarization, investment, and economic growth 1995–2019," Economics of Peace and Security Journal, EPS Publishing, vol. 17(1), pages 17-29, April.
    7. José L Torres, 2020. "The production of national defense and the macroeconomy," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, October.
    8. J. Paul Dunne & Christine S. Makanza, 2019. "Nonlinear Effects of Military Spending on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa," School of Economics Macroeconomic Discussion Paper Series 2019-04, School of Economics, University of Cape Town.
    9. Ray-Ming Chen, 2022. "Does the growth of military hard power back up the growth of monetary soft power via data-driven probabilistic optimal relations?," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-6, December.
    10. Kiryl Rudy, 2022. "Military Economy and Economic Growth: Bidirectional Effects in Transition Economies of Eurasia," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 14(3), pages 285-300, September.
    11. Efayena Obukohwo Oba & Olele Enoh Hilda, 2024. "Analysis of the Relationship Between Military Expenditure and Investment in the Economic Community of West African States: A Heterogeneous Panel Data Approach," Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series, Sciendo, vol. 34(4), pages 58-77.
    12. Dimitrios Karamanis, 2022. "Defence partnerships, military expenditure, investment, and economic growth: an analysis in PESCO countries," GreeSE – Hellenic Observatory Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe 173, Hellenic Observatory, LSE.
    13. Jordan Becker & J Paul Dunne, 2023. "Military Spending Composition and Economic Growth," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(3), pages 259-271, April.
    14. Becker Jordan & Kuokštytė Ringailė & Kuokštis Vytautas, 2023. "The Political Economy of Transatlantic Security – A Policy Perspective," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, vol. 20(1), pages 55-77, June.
    15. Kyriakos Emmanouilidis & Christos Karpetis, 2022. "Cross–Country Dependence, Heterogeneity and the Growth Effects of Military Spending," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(7), pages 842-856, October.
    16. Tsitouras Antonis & Tsounis Nicholas, 2024. "Military Outlays and Economic Growth: A Nonlinear Disaggregated Analysis for a Developed Economy," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 30(3), pages 341-391.

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