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Lag Length Selection for Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Nonstationary Volatility

Author

Listed:
  • Giuseppe Cavaliere

    (Dept. of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna)

  • Peter C.B. Phillips

    (Cowles Foundation, Yale University)

  • Stephan Smeekes

    (Dept. of Quantitative Economics, Maastricht University)

  • A.M. Robert Taylor

    (School of Economics, University of Nottingham)

Abstract
A number of recently published papers have focused on the problem of testing for a unit root in the case where the driving shocks may be unconditionally heteroskedastic. These papers have, however, assumed that the lag length in the unit root test regression is a deterministic function of the sample size, rather than data-determined, the latter being standard empirical practice. In this paper we investigate the finite sample impact of unconditional heteroskedasticity on conventional data-dependent methods of lag selection in augmented Dickey-Fuller type unit root test regressions and propose new lag selection criteria which allow for the presence of heteroskedasticity in the shocks. We show that standard lag selection methods show a tendency to over-fit the lag order under heteroskedasticity, which results in significant power losses in the (wild bootstrap implementation of the) augmented Dickey-Fuller tests under the alternative. The new lag selection criteria we propose are shown to avoid this problem yet deliver unit roots with almost identical finite sample size and power properties as the corresponding tests based on conventional lag selection methods when the shocks are homoskedastic.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe Cavaliere & Peter C.B. Phillips & Stephan Smeekes & A.M. Robert Taylor, 2012. "Lag Length Selection for Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Nonstationary Volatility," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1844, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    • Handle: RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:1844
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    File URL: https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d18/d1844.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ke-Li Xu & Peter C. B. Phillips, 2011. "Tilted Nonparametric Estimation of Volatility Functions With Empirical Applications," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(4), pages 518-528, October.
    2. Giuseppe Cavaliere & A. M. Robert Taylor, 2009. "Bootstrap M Unit Root Tests," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(5), pages 393-421.
    3. Richard, Patrick, 2009. "Modified fast double sieve bootstraps for ADF tests," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(12), pages 4490-4499, October.
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    5. Brendan K. Beare, 2018. "Unit Root Testing with Unstable Volatility," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(6), pages 816-835, November.
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    8. D van Dijk & D R Osborn & M Sensier, 2002. "Changes in variability of the business cycle in the G7 countries," Economics Discussion Paper Series 0204, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    9. Giuseppe Cavaliere & Peter C. B. Phillips & Stephan Smeekes & A. M. Robert Taylor, 2015. "Lag Length Selection for Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Nonstationary Volatility," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(4), pages 512-536, April.
    10. Smeekes, Stephan & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2012. "Bootstrap Union Tests For Unit Roots In The Presence Of Nonstationary Volatility," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(2), pages 422-456, April.
    11. Marianne Sensier & Dick van Dijk, 2004. "Testing for Volatility Changes in U.S. Macroeconomic Time Series," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 86(3), pages 833-839, August.
    12. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2009. "Heteroskedastic Time Series With A Unit Root," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(5), pages 1228-1276, October.
    13. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2007. "Testing for unit roots in time series models with non-stationary volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 140(2), pages 919-947, October.
    14. Serena Ng & Pierre Perron, 2005. "A Note on the Selection of Time Series Models," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 67(1), pages 115-134, February.
    15. Perron, Pierre & Qu, Zhongjun, 2007. "A simple modification to improve the finite sample properties of Ng and Perron's unit root tests," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 94(1), pages 12-19, January.
    16. Margaret M. McConnell & Gabriel Perez-Quiros, 2000. "Output fluctuations in the United States: what has changed since the early 1980s?," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Mar.
    17. Brandan K. Beare, 2008. "Unit Root Testing with Unstable Volatility," Economics Series Working Papers 2008-WO6, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    18. Yoosoon Chang & Joon Park, 2002. "On The Asymptotics Of Adf Tests For Unit Roots," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 431-447.
    19. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2008. "Bootstrap Unit Root Tests For Time Series With Nonstationary Volatility," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(1), pages 43-71, February.
    20. Serena Ng & Pierre Perron, 2001. "LAG Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 69(6), pages 1519-1554, November.
    21. Chang-Jin Kim & Charles R. Nelson, 1999. "Has The U.S. Economy Become More Stable? A Bayesian Approach Based On A Markov-Switching Model Of The Business Cycle," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(4), pages 608-616, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

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    2. Nguyen, Xuan & Nguyen, Cuong, 2016. "The Impact of Petroleum Retail Price Shocks on Inflation in Vietnam," MPRA Paper 93136, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Martin C. Arnold & Thilo Reinschlussel, 2024. "Bootstrap Adaptive Lasso Solution Path Unit Root Tests," Papers 2409.07859, arXiv.org.
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    5. Kung-Sik Chan & Simone Giannerini & Greta Goracci & Howell Tong, 2020. "Testing for threshold regulation in presence of measurement error with an application to the PPP hypothesis," Papers 2002.09968, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2021.
    6. Giuseppe Cavaliere & Peter C. B. Phillips & Stephan Smeekes & A. M. Robert Taylor, 2015. "Lag Length Selection for Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Nonstationary Volatility," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(4), pages 512-536, April.
    7. Skrobotov, Anton, 2020. "Survey on structural breaks and unit root tests," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 58, pages 96-141.
    8. Oanea, Dumitru-Cristian, 2015. "Financial markets integration: A vector error-correction approach," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 153-161.
    9. Mohitosh Kejriwal & Xuewen Yu & Pierre Perron, 2020. "Bootstrap procedures for detecting multiple persistence shifts in heteroskedastic time series," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5), pages 676-690, September.
    10. Giuseppe Cavaliere & Anton Skrobotov & A. M. Robert Taylor, 2019. "Wild bootstrap seasonal unit root tests for time series with periodic nonstationary volatility," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 509-532, May.
    11. Xu, Bin & Lin, Boqiang, 2016. "Reducing CO2 emissions in China's manufacturing industry: Evidence from nonparametric additive regression models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 161-173.
    12. Smeekes, S. & Urbain, J.R.Y.J., 2014. "A multivariate invariance principle for modified wild bootstrap methods with an application to unit root testing," Research Memorandum 008, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE).
    13. Jin Guo & Tetsuji Tanaka, 2020. "Examining the determinants of global and local price passthrough in cereal markets: evidence from DCC-GJR-GARCH and panel analyses," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-22, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Unit root test; Lag selection; Information criteria; Wild bootstrap; Nonstationary volatility;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General

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