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Gute politische Institutionen: Eine Neuinterpretation für die Schweiz

Author

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  • Reiner Eichenberger
  • Marco Portmann und David Stadelmann
Abstract
Die wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Erfolge der Schweiz werden oft auf zwei für sie typische politische Institutionen zurückgeführt: direkte Demokratie und Föderalismus. Wir vermuten, dass eine dritte, bisher weitgehend vernachlässigte Institution eine ähnlich wichti- ge Rolle spielt: ihr Wahlsystem. Die Schwei z hat eine einmalige Mischung von Proporzwah- len (Verhältniswahlen) für die Gemeinde- und Kantonsparlamente sowie den Nationalrat und Majorzwahlen (Mehrheitswahlen) für die besonders einflussreichen Politiker, die Regie- rungsmitglieder auf Gemeinde-, Kantons- und Bundesebene sowie die Ständeräte. Dabei finden die Majorzwahlen nicht wie international üblich in Einerwahlkreisen statt, sondern in Wahlkreisen mit mehreren Sitzen. Wir argum entieren, dass die Proporzwahlen eine grosse Vielfalt an Parteien und politischen Meinungen hervorbringt, zugleich aber die Majorzwahlen mit mehreren Sitzen die besonders fähigen und erfolgsorientierten Politiker kraftvoll in die Mitte des politischen Spektrums lenken, weshalb wir dieses Wahlverfahren als Superma- jorz bezeichnen möchten. Wir halten diese besondere Kombination aus Proporz und Majorz für eine wichtige Ursache der für die Schweiz typischen Konkordanz und hohen politischen Stabilität. Dieses fruchtbare Wahlsystem ist auf andere Länder und Gebietskörperschaften übertragbar.

Suggested Citation

  • Reiner Eichenberger & Marco Portmann und David Stadelmann, 2018. "Gute politische Institutionen: Eine Neuinterpretation für die Schweiz," CREMA Working Paper Series 2018-01, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    • Handle: RePEc:cra:wpaper:2018-01
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stadelmann, David & Portmann, Marco & Eichenberger, Reiner, 2019. "Preference Representation and the Influence of Political Parties in Majoritarian vs. Proportional Systems: An Empirical Test," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(1), pages 181-204, January.
    2. Marco Portmann & David Stadelmann & Reiner Eichenberger, 2012. "District magnitude and representation of the majority’s preferences: Evidence from popular and parliamentary votes," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 151(3), pages 585-610, June.
    3. Stadelmann, David & Portmann, Marco & Eichenberger, Reiner, 2014. "The law of large districts: How district magnitude affects the quality of political representation," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 128-140.
    4. Stadelmann, David & Portmann, Marco & Eichenberger, Reiner, 2013. "Quantifying parliamentary representation of constituents’ preferences with quasi-experimental data," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 170-180.
    5. Stadelmann David & Portmann Marco & Eichenberger Reiner, 2016. "How Lobbying Affects Representation: Results for Majority-Elected Politicians," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 16(4), pages 1-7, October.
    6. Anthony Downs, 1957. "An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 65(2), pages 135-135.
    7. Stadelmann David & Portmann Marco & Eichenberger Reiner, 2016. "How Lobbying Affects Representation: Results for Majority-Elected Politicians," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 16(4), pages 1-7, October.
    8. Marco Portmann & David Stadelmann & Reiner Eichenberger, 2010. "District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority?s Preferences: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Popular and Parliamentary Votes," CREMA Working Paper Series 2010-13, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
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    Cited by:

    1. Aurélia Buchs & Nils Soguel, 2022. "Fiscal performance and the re-election of finance ministers–evidence from the Swiss cantons," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 191(1), pages 31-49, April.

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