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Kill Bill or Tax: An Analysis of Alternative CO2 Price Floor Options for EU Member States

Author

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  • Christoph Böhringer
  • Carolyn Fischer
Abstract
Several EU member states are exploring options for setting minimum domestic carbon prices within the EU Emission Trading System (ETS). First, a “TAX” policy would introduce a carbon tax equal to the difference between the prevailing ETS price and the targeted minimum price. Second, a national auction reserve price would “KILL” allowances by invalidating them until the ETS price equalled the national minimum price. Third, a government could require domestic overcompliance and “BILL” covered entities for extra allowances per ton of emissions, thereby increasing demand for allowances and pulling up the ETS price. We explore the implications of these policy options on national and ETS-wide carbon prices, revenues from emissions allowances, emissions, and economic welfare. We find that a national government’s preferred unilateral policy will depend on the extent to which it values the fiscal benefits of revenues, which favor TAX or to a lesser degree BILL, versus climate benefits, which favor KILL and also BILL, particularly for jurisdictions with more emissions to leverage for overcompliance. Our analysis can be generalized to other multilateral cap-and-trade systems where participants pursue more stringent internal emission pricing through unilateral policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Christoph Böhringer & Carolyn Fischer, 2020. "Kill Bill or Tax: An Analysis of Alternative CO2 Price Floor Options for EU Member States," CESifo Working Paper Series 8631, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8631
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Hinterlang, Natascha & Martin, Anika & Röhe, Oke & Stähler, Nikolai & Strobel, Johannes, 2021. "Using energy and emissions taxation to finance labor tax reductions in a multi-sector economy: An assessment with EMuSe," Discussion Papers 50/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    3. Anderson, Brilé & Cammeraat, Emile & Dechezleprêtre, Antoine & Dressler, Luisa & Gonne, Nicolas & Lalanne, Guy & Martins Guilhoto, Joaquim & Theodoropoulos, Konstantinos, 2023. "Designing policy packages for a climate-neutral industry: A case study from the Netherlands," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    4. Hinterlang, Natascha & Martin, Anika & Röhe, Oke & Stähler, Nikolai & Strobel, Johannes, 2022. "Using energy and emissions taxation to finance labor tax reductions in a multi-sector economy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    5. Woerman, Matt, 2023. "Linking carbon markets with different initial conditions," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    6. Ernst, Anne & Hinterlang, Natascha & Mahle, Alexander & Stähler, Nikolai, 2022. "Carbon pricing, border adjustment and climate clubs: An assessment with EMuSe," Discussion Papers 25/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2 price floor; emissions trading; carbon tax;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • D62 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Externalities

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