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Posible impacto de Basilea II en los países emergentes

Author

Listed:
  • Alicia García-Herrero

    (Banco de España)

  • Sergio Gavilá

    (Banco de España)

Abstract
El nuevo Marco de Basilea II será importante para los países emergentes pues una buena parte de ellos ha declarado tener intención de introducir dicho Marco en un futuro más o menos cercano y los bancos internacionales que operan en muchos de estas economías estarán sujetos al nuevo Marco a través del grupo. Basilea II tendrá importantes beneficios para estos países: la mejora en la medición y gestión del riesgo de sus bancos y de la supervisión bancaria. También es probable que se produzca una mejora en la estructura del balance bancario pues puede aumentar el colateral y las titulaciones, así como el incentivo a endeudarse en moneda local y a más plazo. Basilea II tendrá algunos inconvenientes al no haber sido calibrado para estos países; otro problema potencial es la mayor prociclicidad del crédito bancario. Adicionalmente puede ocurrir que los balances de los bancos domésticos y los bancos internacionales que operan en países emergentes sean cada vez más diferentes, con más riesgo en los primeros y menos en los segundos y que los bancos extranjeros soporten un coste de capital mayor por utilizar el enfoque IRB en todo el grupo. Por último, el impacto sobre el capital regulatorio y el coste de financiación de estos países dependerá mucho de cuál sea el riesgo soberano de cada economía emergente y del enfoque que se utilice dentro del primer pilar de Basilea II (estándar o IRB). Según nuestras propias estimaciones, para los países emergentes no pertenecientes a la OCDE podría incluso reducirse el coste de financiación mientras que aumentará ligeramente en los pocos países emergentes que forman parte de la OCDE. En resumen, Basilea II sobre los países emergentes debería traer más beneficios que costes aunque esta es una valoración general y dependerá del país del que se trate y del enfoque de Basilea II que se utilice.

Suggested Citation

  • Alicia García-Herrero & Sergio Gavilá, 2006. "Posible impacto de Basilea II en los países emergentes," Occasional Papers 0606, Banco de España.
    • Handle: RePEc:bde:opaper:0606
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    basilea ii; países emergentes;

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