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Anatomy of a Bail-In

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  • Thomas Conlon
  • John Cotter
Abstract
To mitigate potential contagion from future banking crises, the European Commission recently proposed a framework which would provide for the $\textit{bail-in}$ of bank creditors in the event of failure. In this study, we examine this framework retrospectively in the context of failed European banks during the global financial crisis. Empirical findings suggest that equity and subordinated bond holders would have been the main losers from the 535 billion euro impairment losses realized by failed European banks. Losses attributed to senior debt holders would, on aggregate, have been proportionally small, while no losses would have been imposed on depositors. Cross-country analysis, incorporating stress-tests, reveals a divergence of outcomes with subordinated debt holders wiped out in a number of countries, while senior debt holders of Greek, Austrian and Irish banks would have required bail-in.

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  • Thomas Conlon & John Cotter, 2014. "Anatomy of a Bail-In," Papers 1403.7628, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1403.7628
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    Cited by:

    1. Francis, Bill B. & Hasan, Iftekhar & Sun, Xian & Wu, Qiang, 2016. "CEO political preference and corporate tax sheltering," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 37-53.
    2. Bessler, Wolfgang & Conlon, Thomas & Huan, Xing, 2019. "Does corporate hedging enhance shareholder value? A meta-analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 222-232.
    3. Corbet, Shaen & Cumming, Douglas J. & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les, 2022. "Have crisis-induced banking supports influenced European bank performance, resilience and price discovery?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    4. Farmer, J. Doyne & Kleinnijenhuis, Alissa & Goodhart, Charles, 2021. "Systemic implications of the bail-in design," INET Oxford Working Papers 2021-21, Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford.
    5. Cutura, Jannic Alexander, 2020. "Debt holder monitoring and implicit guarantees: did the BRRD improve market discipline?," ESRB Working Paper Series 111, European Systemic Risk Board.
    6. Avino, Davide E. & Conlon, Thomas & Cotter, John, 2019. "Credit default swaps as indicators of bank financial distress," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 132-139.
    7. Opeoluwa Banwo & Paul Harrald & Francesca Medda, 2019. "Understanding the consequences of diversification on financial stability," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 14(2), pages 273-292, June.
    8. Giuliana, Raffaele, 2022. "Fluctuating bail-in expectations and effects on market discipline, risk-taking and cost of capital," ESRB Working Paper Series 133, European Systemic Risk Board.
    9. Jones, Laurence & Alsakka, Rasha & ap Gwilym, Owain & Mantovan, Noemi, 2022. "The impact of regulatory reforms on European bank behaviour: A dynamic structural estimation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    10. Souza, Sergio Rubens Stancato de & Silva, Thiago Christiano & Almeida, Carlos Eduardo de, 2019. "Bailing in Banks: costs and benefits," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    11. Siebenbrunner, Christoph & Hafner-Guth, Martin & Spitzer, Ralph & Trappl, Stefan, 2024. "Assessing the systemic risk impact of bank bail-ins," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    12. Thomas Conlon & John Cotter, 2019. "Subordinate Resolution ‐‐ An Empirical Analysis of European Union Subsidiary Banks," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(4), pages 857-876, July.
    13. Conlon, Thomas & Cotter, John & Molyneux, Philip, 2020. "Beyond common equity: The influence of secondary capital on bank insolvency risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    14. Hüser, Anne-Caroline & Hałaj, Grzegorz & Kok, Christoffer & Perales, Cristian & van der Kraaij, Anton, 2018. "The systemic implications of bail-in: A multi-layered network approach," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 81-97.
    15. Olesya V. Kononenko & Marina V. Chudinovskikh, 2018. "Comparative Analysis of the Depositor Rights’ Protection Systems in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus," Journal of New Economy, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 19(5), pages 32-43, October.
    16. Thorsten Beck & Samuel Da-Rocha-Lopes & André F Silva & Francesca Cornelli, 2021. "Sharing the Pain? Credit Supply and Real Effects of Bank Bail-ins [High wage workers and high wage firms]," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(4), pages 1747-1788.
    17. Dr. Martin Indergand & Gabriela Hrasko, 2021. "Does the market believe in loss-absorbing bank debt?," Working Papers 2021-13, Swiss National Bank.
    18. Benczur, Peter & Cannas, Giuseppina & Cariboni, Jessica & Di Girolamo, Francesca & Maccaferri, Sara & Petracco Giudici, Marco, 2017. "Evaluating the effectiveness of the new EU bank regulatory framework: A farewell to bail-out?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 207-223.
    19. Cutura, Jannic Alexander, 2018. "Debt holder monitoring and implicit guarantees: Did the BRRD improve market discipline?," SAFE Working Paper Series 232, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    20. David G. Mayes, 2017. "Top-down restructuring of markets and institutions: the Nordic banking crises," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(3), pages 213-232, July.
    21. Lorenzo Pandolfi, 2018. "Bail-in vs. Bailout: a False Dilemma?," CSEF Working Papers 499, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    22. Lorenzo Gai & Federica Ielasi & Martina Mainini, 2021. "The Impact of Bail-in Risk on Bank Bondholders," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(9), pages 105-105, July.
    23. Paola Leone & Pasqualina Porretta & Luca Riccetti, 2021. "European Significant Bank Stock Market Volatility: Is there a Bail-In Effect?," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(5), pages 1-32, July.
    24. Cutura, Jannic Alexander, 2021. "Debt holder monitoring and implicit guarantees: Did the BRRD improve market discipline?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).

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