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Smallholder compliance with private standard certification: the case of GlobalGAP adoption by mango producers in Peru

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  • Lemeilleur, Sylvaine
Abstract
The prevalence of food quality standards in international trade is constantly increasing and has a growing influence on developing countries. A wide range of literature in development economics has focused on the debate of whether international standards exclude small-scale farmers from high-value food markets. In fact, the evidence is mixed. New debates arise on what conditions small farmers can really comply with, pointing out both threshold capital requirements, on the one hand, and industry structure and institutional environment, on the other hand. Drawing on a microeconomic approach, our paper is a contribution to the literature exploring the patterns and determinants of smallholders’ adoption of the food standard. We focus our case study on GlobalGAP adoption by small-scale fresh mango producers in Peru. Based on an analysis of primary data collected on the Peruvian mango sector, we show empirically that a few smallholders are engaged in GlobalGAP certification for a maximum of 3 years. They comply with the standard thanks to the support of exporting companies. Exporters offer the farmers contract farming, which includes technical advice and the annual certification cost. Nonetheless, farmers who are integrating into this high value-added supply chain seem to be selected on the basis of their proximity to the exporter plant (reducing transaction costs) and their ability to become reliable suppliers over the long term (experienced, specialized, and used to respecting contracts). These farms also must demonstrate their ability to deliver with short lead times (presence of mobile phone, distance to the plant). Finally, the paper underlines the key role of exporters in Peru as intermediaries and organizers in the way smallholders may participate in private standards in agrifood value chains.

Suggested Citation

  • Lemeilleur, Sylvaine, 2012. "Smallholder compliance with private standard certification: the case of GlobalGAP adoption by mango producers in Peru," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 123457, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:iaae12:123457
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.123457
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    Cited by:

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    2. Giovanni Dara Guccione & Elena Pagliarino & Ilaria Borri & Alessandra Vaccaro & Patrizia Borsotto, 2021. "A Participatory Analysis of the Control and Certification System in the Italian Organic Rice Value Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Lijiao Hu & Yuqing Zheng & Timothy A. Woods & Yoko Kusunose & Steven Buck, 2023. "The market for private food safety certifications: Conceptual framework, review, and future research directions," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(1), pages 197-220, March.
    4. Jiping Ding & Paule Moustier & Xingdong Ma & Xuexi Huo & Xiangping Jia, 2019. "Doing but not knowing: how apple farmers comply with standards in China," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 36(1), pages 61-75, March.
    5. Kleemann, Linda, 2016. "The relevance of business practices in linking smallholders and large agro-businesses in Sub-Sahara Africa," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 19(4), August.
    6. Ding, Jiping & Moustier, Paule & Ma, Xindong & Huo, Xuexi & Jia, Xiangping, 2017. "Doing But Not Knowing: How Apple Farmers Comply With Standards In China," 2017 International Congress, August 28-September 1, 2017, Parma, Italy 260897, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Jesús Hernández-Rubio & Juan C. Pérez-Mesa & Laura Piedra-Muñoz & Emilio Galdeano-Gómez, 2018. "Determinants of Food Safety Level in Fruit and Vegetable Wholesalers’ Supply Chain: Evidence from Spain and France," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, October.
    8. Ding, J. & Jia, X. & Huo, X. & Moustier, P., 2018. "Doing But Not Knowing: How Apple Farmers Comply with Standards in China," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277444, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    9. Sylvaine Lemeilleur & Gilles Allaire, 2016. "Standardisation and guarantee systems: what can participatory certification offer?," Working Papers hal-01594049, HAL.
    10. Schuster, Monica & Maertens, Miet, 2013. "Do private standards create exclusive supply chains? New evidence from the Peruvian asparagus export sector," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 291-305.
    11. Bellemare, Marc F. & Bloem, Jeffrey R., 2018. "Does contract farming improve welfare? A review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 259-271.
    12. Rattiya Suddeephong Lippe & Ulrike Grote, 2017. "Determinants Affecting Adoption of GLOBALG.A.P. Standards: A Choice Experiment in Thai Horticulture," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(2), pages 242-256, April.
    13. Apriani, Ernawati & Kim, Yeon-Su & Fisher, Larry A. & Baral, Himlal, 2020. "Non-state certification of smallholders for sustainable palm oil in Sumatra, Indonesia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    14. Hidayat, Kurniawati Nia & Glasbergen, Pieter & Offermans, Astrid, 2015. "Sustainability Certification and Palm Oil Smallholders’ Livelihood: A Comparison between Scheme Smallholders and Independent Smallholders in Indonesia," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 18(3), pages 1-24, September.
    15. Mugula, Joseph J & Ahmad, Athman Kyaruzi & Msinde, John & Kadigi, Michael, 2023. "Determinants of Adoption of Bundled Sustainable Agriculture Practices among Small-Scale Maize Farmers in Mvomero and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 11(4), September.
    16. Ngougheme, Rene & Kamdem, Cyrille Bergaly & Jagoret, Patrick & Havard, Michel, 2016. "Impact de la certification sur les performances agro-economiques des producteurs de cacao du centre Cameroun," 2016 Fifth International Conference, September 23-26, 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 249294, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Marketing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

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