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10 Jahre Hartz-Reformen

Author

Listed:
  • Bräuninger, Michael
  • Michaelis, Jochen
  • Sode, Madlen
Abstract
Zur Erinnerung: Anfang 2002 wurde bekannt, dass bis zu 70% der angegebenen 3,9 Millionen Stellenvermittlungen der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit falsch waren. Als Reak-tion ist seitens der Bundesregierung die Hartz-Kommission eingesetzt worden, um Vorschläge zur Neuorganisation der Arbeitsvermittlung vorzulegen. Unterstützend galt es Maßnahmen zur Verstärkung der Suchbereitschaft der Arbeitslosen zu entwickeln. Das Resultat sind die Hartz-Gesetze, die in drei Schritten - 2003 (Hartz I und II), 2004 (Hartz III) und 2005 (Hartz IV) - verabschiedet und implementiert worden sind. Die Reorganisation der Arbeitsvermittlung stand zwar zunächst im Mittelpunkt, jedoch haben die Hartz-Vorschläge eine immer größere Spannbreite entfaltet, sodass sie aus heutiger Sicht als bis dato umfassendste Reform des bundesdeutschen Arbeitsmarktes anzusehen sind. Es bietet sich an, eine Gruppierung der einzelnen Reformmaßnahmen nach ihrer primären Stoßrichtung - Arbeitsangebot, Arbeitsnachfrage, Matching - vorzunehmen. Bis zu Beginn der 2000er Jahre war es zumindest in der Politik herrschende Meinung, dass die Arbeitslosigkeit ein Angebotsüberschuss sei und daher die Therapie bei einer Steigerung der Nachfrage nach Arbeit (z.B. via expansiver Fiskalpolitik) oder bei einer Reduktion des Angebots (z.B. via Frühverrentung) anzusetzen habe. Mit den Hartz-Reformen hat diesbezüglich ein gewisser Paradigmenwechsel stattgefunden, der Glaube an die Funktionsfähigkeit der Marktkräfte auch auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ist zurückgekehrt. Durch Schaffung von Anreizen zur Arbeitsaufnahme, sei es durch Verminderungen des Reservationslohns oder durch eine bessere Vermittlung, würde es gelingen, die Arbeitslosigkeit abzubauen. Dies setzt das Vertrauen voraus, dass das zusätzliche Arbeitsangebot lohnsenkend wirken werde und die zum Zeitpunkt der Reform noch nicht vorhandenen Arbeitsplätze in Zukunft schon noch geschaffen werden. Es war politisch mutig, eine solche Hoffnung zu hegen, aber - die Zahlen legen das nahe -, es war richtig.

Suggested Citation

  • Bräuninger, Michael & Michaelis, Jochen & Sode, Madlen, 2013. "10 Jahre Hartz-Reformen," HWWI Policy Papers 73, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:hwwipp:73
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    • Michael Bräuninger & Jochen Michaelis & Madlen Sode, 2013. "10 Jahre Hartz-Reformen," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201318, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).

    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Boockmann Bernhard & Buch Claudia M. & Schnitzer Monika, 2014. "Evidenzbasierte Wirtschaftspolitik in Deutschland: Defizite und Potentiale," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 15(4), pages 307-323, December.
    2. Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose, 2013. "Deutsche Konjunktur erholt sich – Wirtschaftspolitik stärker an der langen Frist ausrichten," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 66(08), pages 03-77, April.
    3. Michael Fuchs & Katarina Hollan & Katrin Gasior, 2017. "Simulation of an application of the Hartz-IV reform in Austria," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 41(4), pages 479-500.

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