[go: up one dir, main page]

IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/10057.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Neither by Land nor by Sea : The Rise of Electronic Remittances during COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Dinarte Diaz,Lelys Ileana
  • Jaume,David Jose
  • Medina-Cortina,Eduardo
  • Winkler,Hernan
Abstract
Despite concerns that the COVID-19 economic collapse would torpedo international remittances,formal remittances to several developing countries ballooned early in the pandemic. This increase might, however, havereflected a shift from informal channels to formal ones rather than a change in actual flows. This paper employsMexican data to explore this and finds that remittance channels did change. The rise in formal inflows was largeramong municipalities that were previously more reliant on informal channels (for example, near a border crossing).Households there also experienced a disproportionate increase in bank accounts opened after lockdown measures.The paper also rules out hypotheses related to the US Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Actand altruism.

Suggested Citation

  • Dinarte Diaz,Lelys Ileana & Jaume,David Jose & Medina-Cortina,Eduardo & Winkler,Hernan, 2022. "Neither by Land nor by Sea : The Rise of Electronic Remittances during COVID-19," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10057, The World Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:10057
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099434205232231209/pdf/IDU0b9463f130c07f040160bb26018c9daadd997.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lueth Erik & Ruiz-Arranz Marta, 2008. "Determinants of Bilateral Remittance Flows," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Sylvain Weber & Martin Péclat, 2017. "A simple command to calculate travel distance and travel time," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 17(4), pages 962-971, December.
    3. Docquier, Frédéric & Rapoport, Hillel & Salomone, Sara, 2012. "Remittances, migrants' education and immigration policy: Theory and evidence from bilateral data," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 817-828.
    4. Stanley, Denise & Bhattacharya, Radha, 2008. "The informal financial sector in the U.S.: The role of remittances," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Md. Azad Uddin & Masaru Ichihashi & Shubhasish Barua, 2022. "Financial Sector Development and the Preference for Informal Remittance Channels: Evidence from Bangladesh," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(6), pages 1231-1258, June.
    6. Nicole B. Simpson & Chad Sparber, 2020. "Estimating the Determinants of Remittances Originating from US Households Using CPS Data," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 46(1), pages 161-189, January.
    7. Jeffrey Frankel, 2011. "Are Bilateral Remittances Countercyclical?," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-16, February.
    8. Ambrosius, Christian & Cuecuecha, Alfredo, 2016. "Remittances and the Use of Formal and Informal Financial Services," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 80-98.
    9. Vincent Fromentin, 2018. "Remittances and financial development in Latin America and the Caribbean countries: A dynamic approach," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 808-826, May.
    10. De’, Rahul & Pandey, Neena & Pal, Abhipsa, 2020. "Impact of digital surge during Covid-19 pandemic: A viewpoint on research and practice," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    11. Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Córdova, Ernesto López & Pería, María Soledad Martínez & Woodruff, Christopher, 2011. "Remittances and banking sector breadth and depth: Evidence from Mexico," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(2), pages 229-241, July.
    12. Freund, Caroline & Spatafora, Nikola, 2008. "Remittances, transaction costs, and informality," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 356-366, June.
    13. Kamer Karakurum-Ozdemir & Melike Kokkizil & Gokce Uysal, 2019. "Financial Literacy in Developing Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 143(1), pages 325-353, May.
    14. Fabrizio Ferriani & Giacomo Oddo, 2019. "More distance, more remittance? Remitting behavior, travel cost, and the size of the informal channel," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 48(3), November.
    15. Satoshi Shimizutani & Eiji Yamada, 2021. "Resilience against the pandemic: The impact of COVID-19 on migration and household welfare in Tajikistan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(9), pages 1-20, September.
    16. John Page & Sonia Plaza, 2006. "Migration Remittances and Development: A Review of Global Evidence," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 15(2), pages 245-336, December.
    17. Michael A. Clemens & David McKenzie, 2018. "Why Don't Remittances Appear to Affect Growth?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 128(612), pages 179-209, July.
    18. Matthew J. Notowidigdo, 2020. "The Incidence of Local Labor Demand Shocks," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(3), pages 687-725.
    19. Aggarwal, Reena & Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Pería, Maria Soledad Martínez, 2011. "Do remittances promote financial development?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 255-264, November.
    20. Ganong, Peter & Noel, Pascal & Vavra, Joseph, 2020. "US unemployment insurance replacement rates during the pandemic," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    21. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Financial inclusion and Fintech during COVID-19 crisis: Policy solutions," MPRA Paper 111219, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. Daniel Garrote Sanchez & Nicolas Gomez Parra & Caglar Ozden & Bob Rijkers, 2020. "Which Jobs Are Most Vulnerable to COVID-19? What an Analysis of the European Union Reveals," World Bank Publications - Reports 33737, The World Bank Group.
    23. Freund, Caroline & Spatafora, Nikola, 2005. "Remittances : transaction costs, determinants, and informal flows," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3704, The World Bank.
    24. Vincent Fromentin, 2018. "Remittances and financial development in Latin America and the Caribbean countries: A dynamic approach," Post-Print halshs-02152596, HAL.
    25. Pierre-Alexandre Beylier & Cléa Fortuné, 2022. "Cross-Border Mobility in Nogales Since Trump’s Election," Journal of Borderlands Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 187-208, January.
    26. Kangni Kpodar & Montfort Mlachila & Saad Quayyum & Vigninou Gammadigbe, 2023. "Defying the Odds: Remittances during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(5), pages 673-690, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ana Paula Goerne Luna & Jaime Lara Lara & Luz Daniela Montañez Martínez & Regina Saracho Cueto & Alonso Torre De Silva & Iliana Michelle Zaldivar Galindo, 2023. "COVID-19 and remittances to Mexican states," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 33-39.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alessio Ciarlone, 2023. "Remittances in times of crisis: evidence from Italian corridors," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1402, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    2. Fromentin, Vincent & Leon, Florian, 2019. "Remittances and credit in developed and developing countries: A dynamic panel analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 310-320.
    3. Junaid Ahmed & Mazhar Mughal & Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso, 2021. "Sending money home: Transaction cost and remittances to developing countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(8), pages 2433-2459, August.
    4. Azizi, SeyedSoroosh, 2018. "The impacts of workers' remittances on human capital and labor supply in developing countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 377-396.
    5. Keerti Mallela & Sunny Kumar Singh & Archana Srivastava, 2020. "Estimating Bilateral Remittances in a Macroeconomic Framework: Evidence from top Remittance-Receiving Countries," Studies in Microeconomics, , vol. 8(1), pages 95-118, June.
    6. Giulia Bettin & Andrea F. Presbitero & Nikola L. Spatafora, 2017. "Remittances and Vulnerability in Developing Countries," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 31(1), pages 1-23.
    7. Wu, Chen & Nsiah, Christian & Fayissa, Bichaka, 2023. "Analyzing the differential impacts of financial sector development on remittance inflows," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 239-250.
    8. Emara, Noha & Zhang, Yuanhao, 2021. "The non-linear impact of digitization on remittances inflow: Evidence from the BRICS," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(4).
    9. Bernard Poirine & Vincent Dropsy, 2019. "Diaspora growth and aggregate remittances: an inverted-U relationship?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(11), pages 1151-1165, March.
    10. Ahmed, Junaid & Martinez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada, 2014. "What drives bilateral remittances to Pakistan? A gravity model approach," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 209, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    11. SeyedSoroosh Azizi, 2021. "The impacts of workers’ remittances on poverty and inequality in developing countries," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 969-991, February.
    12. Joel OUDINET, 2021. "Introduction - L’impact de la migration sur le développement inclusif," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 53, pages 5-21.
    13. Adriana R. Cardozo Silva & Luis R. Diaz Pavez & Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso & Felicitas Nowak‐Lehmann, 2022. "The impact of COVID‐19 government responses on remittances in Latin American countries," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(4), pages 803-822, May.
    14. Mr. Yasser Abdih & Mr. Ralph Chami & Mr. Christian H Ebeke & Mr. Adolfo Barajas, 2012. "Remittances Channel and Fiscal Impact in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia," IMF Working Papers 2012/104, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Ahmed, Junaid & Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada, 2015. "Do transfer costs matter for foreign remittances? A gravity model approach," Economics Discussion Papers 2015-12, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    16. Peter Nderitu GITHAIGA, 2019. "Foreign Remittances, Private Sector Investment and Banking Sector Development," Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, Tripal Publishing House, vol. 3(2), pages 85-112.
    17. Khiev Virak & Yuriy Bilan, 2022. "The role of formal and informal remittances as the determinants of formal and informal financial services," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 17(3), pages 727-746, September.
    18. Lim, Sokchea & Morshed, A.K.M. Mahbub, 2015. "International migration, migrant stock, and remittances: Reexamining the motivations to remit," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 101-115.
    19. Shreya Pal, 2023. "Does Remittance and Human Capital Formation Affect Financial Development? A Comparative Analysis Between India and China," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(2), pages 387-426, June.
    20. Kim, Jounghyeon, 2021. "Financial development and remittances: The role of institutional quality in developing countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 386-407.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:10057. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Roula I. Yazigi (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/dvewbus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.