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Real exchange rate and international reserves in the era of financial integration

Author

Listed:
  • Joshua Aizenman
  • Sy-Hoa Ho
  • Luu Duc Toan Huynh
  • Jamel Saadaoui
  • Gazi Salah Uddin
Abstract
The global financial crisis has brought increased attention to the consequences of international reserves holdings. In an era of high financial integration, we investigate the relationship between the real exchange rate and international reserves using nonlinear regressions and panel threshold regressions over 110 countries from 2001 to 2020. We find the buffer effect of international reserves is more pronounced in Europe and Central Asia above a threshold of 17% of international reserves over GDP. Our study shows the level of financial-institution development plays an essential role in explaining the buffer effect of international reserves. Countries with a low development of their financial institutions may manage the international reserves as a shield to deal with the negative consequences of terms-of-trade shocks on the real exchange rate. We also find the buffer effect is stronger in countries with intermediate levels of financial openness.

Suggested Citation

  • Joshua Aizenman & Sy-Hoa Ho & Luu Duc Toan Huynh & Jamel Saadaoui & Gazi Salah Uddin, 2023. "Real exchange rate and international reserves in the era of financial integration," Working Papers of BETA 2023-07, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    • Handle: RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2023-07
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed, Rashad & Aizenman, Joshua & Saadaoui, Jamel & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2023. "On the effectiveness of foreign exchange reserves during the 2021-22 U.S. monetary tightening cycle," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    2. Coulibaly, Issiaka & Gnimassoun, Blaise & Mighri, Hamza & Saadaoui, Jamel, 2024. "International reserves, currency depreciation and public debt: New evidence of buffer effects in Africa," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    3. Aizenman, Joshua & Park, Donghyun & Qureshi, Irfan A. & Saadaoui, Jamel & Salah Uddin, Gazi, 2024. "The performance of emerging markets during the Fed’s easing and tightening cycles: A cross-country resilience analysis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    4. Jorge Carrera & Gabriel Montes-Rojas & Mariquena Solla & Fernando Toledo, 2023. "Does Income Inequality Affect Capital Flows? Evidence from Emerging Markets and Developing Economies," Working Papers 268, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Real exchange rate; International reserves; Financial institutions.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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