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Testing for Clustering Under Switching

Author

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  • Igor Custodio João

    (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

Abstract
I refine the test for clustering of Patton and Weller (2022) to allow for cluster switching. In a multivariate panel setting, clustering on time- averages produces consistent estimators of means and group assignments. Once switching is introduced, we lose the consistency. In fact, under switch- ing the time-averaged k-means clustering converges to equal, indistinguishable means. This causes the test for a single cluster to lose power under the alternative of multiple clusters. Power can be regained by clustering the N times T observations independently and carefully subsampling the time dimension. When applied to the empirical setting of Bonhomme and Manresa (2015) of an autoregression of democracy in a panel of countries, we are able to detect clusters in the data under noisier conditions than the original test.

Suggested Citation

  • Igor Custodio João, 2024. "Testing for Clustering Under Switching," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 24-052/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240052
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stéphane Bonhomme & Elena Manresa, 2015. "Grouped Patterns of Heterogeneity in Panel Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 83(3), pages 1147-1184, May.
    2. Daron Acemoglu & Simon Johnson & James A. Robinson & Pierre Yared, 2008. "Income and Democracy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(3), pages 808-842, June.
    3. Lumsdaine, Robin L. & Okui, Ryo & Wang, Wendun, 2023. "Estimation of panel group structure models with structural breaks in group memberships and coefficients," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 233(1), pages 45-65.
    4. Robert Tibshirani & Guenther Walther & Trevor Hastie, 2001. "Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 63(2), pages 411-423.
    5. Igor Custodio João & Julia Schaumburg & André Lucas & Bernd Schwaab, 2024. "Dynamic Nonparametric Clustering of Multivariate Panel Data," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 22(2), pages 335-374.
    6. Evan Munro & Serena Ng, 2022. "Latent Dirichlet Analysis of Categorical Survey Responses," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(1), pages 256-271, January.
    7. Leopoldo Catania, 2021. "Dynamic Adaptive Mixture Models with an Application to Volatility and Risk," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(4), pages 531-564.
    8. Jin Seo Cho & Halbert White, 2007. "Testing for Regime Switching," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 75(6), pages 1671-1720, November.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis

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