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Re-thinking the lender of last resort

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  • Bank for International Settlements
Abstract
The lender of last resort (LOLR) is perhaps the most controversial role of a central bank. On the one hand, providing emergency liquidity assistance to financial institutions is a core central bank responsibility, given its unique ability to create liquid assets in the form of central bank reserves, its central position within the payment system, and its macroeconomic stabilisation objective. On the other hand, acting as LOLR is seen as very risky, potentially creating moral hazard on a massive scale, exposing the central bank to large financial risks, and blurring the boundary with fiscal policy. Moreover, liquidity assistance to individual institutions is typically deeply unpopular, creating reputation risks. The financial crisis has served as reminder of the critical importance of the LOLR in restoring financial stability. But it has also raised fundamental questions about the design of LOLR frameworks and the execution of LOLR policies. How to strike the right balance between limiting risks for central banks and ensuring that the LOLR function can be performed effectively when needed? Should central banks be ambiguous in public about the terms and conditions of liquidity support? Or is there a case for well-articulated LOLR policies communicated ex ante as part of a broader financial stability framework? The aim of the BIS workshop was to explore issues related to the future design of LOLR policies, including governance, operational arrangements, and international aspect. The discussions in this volume do not, of course, converge on simple answers. They do, however, underscore the importance of careful consideration of the articulation of the LOLR function going forward.

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Suggested Citation

  • Bank for International Settlements, 2014. "Re-thinking the lender of last resort," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 79.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:bisbps:79
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aizenman, Joshua & Cheung, Yin-Wong & Ito, Hiro, 2015. "International reserves before and after the global crisis: Is there no end to hoarding?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 102-126.
    2. Stanley Fischer, 1999. "On the Need for an International Lender of Last Resort," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 85-104, Fall.
    3. Beltran, Daniel O. & Kretchmer, Maxwell & Marquez, Jaime & Thomas, Charles P., 2013. "Foreign holdings of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Treasury yields," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 1120-1143.
    4. Maurice Obstfeld & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. "Global imbalances and the financial crisis: products of common causes," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Oct, pages 131-172.
    5. Claudio Borio & Piti Disyatat, 2011. "Global imbalances and the financial crisis: Link or no link?," BIS Working Papers 346, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Ahmed, Shaghil & Zlate, Andrei, 2014. "Capital flows to emerging market economies: A brave new world?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(PB), pages 221-248.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Lena Boneva & David Elliott & Iryna Kaminska & Oliver Linton & Nick McLaren & Ben Morley, 2022. "The Impact of Corporate QE on Liquidity: Evidence from the UK," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(648), pages 2615-2643.
    4. Hylton Hollander & Dawie van Lill, 2019. "A Review of the South African Reserve Bank’s Financial Stability Policies," Working Papers 11/2019, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.
    5. David Longworth & Frank Milne, 2021. "Parallels Between Financial Regulation Prior to the Global Financial Crisis and Lack of Public Health Preparation Prior to Covid-19," Working Paper 1455, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    6. Mike Anson & David Bholat & Miao Kang & Ryland Thomas, 2017. "The Bank of England as Lender of Last Resort: New historical evidence from daily transactional data," Working Papers 0117, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
    7. Adrian, Tobias & Breuer, Peter & Ashcraft, Adam & Cetorelli, Nicola, 2018. "A Review of Shadow Banking," CEPR Discussion Papers 13363, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Milošević Andriana & Jemović Mirjana, 2017. "Non-Standard Measures of the Monetary Policy – Mechanism for Overcoming Problems in the Implementation of the Neoliberal Concept of Monetary Policy During a Financial Crisis," Economic Themes, Sciendo, vol. 55(4), pages 465-480, December.
    9. Joseph Keneck Massil & Sandrine Kablan & Jacques Bikai Landry, 2018. "Does Central Bank’s maturity matter for economic growth? [La maturité des Banques Centrales influence -t-elle la croissance économique ?]," Working Papers halshs-01828496, HAL.
    10. Carlo Alcaraz & Stijn Claessens & Gabriel Cuadra & David Marques-Ibanez & Horacio Sapriza, 2018. "Whatever it takes. What's the impact of a major nonconventional monetary policy intervention?," BIS Working Papers 749, Bank for International Settlements.
    11. Joseph Keneck Massil & Sandrine Kablan & Jacques Bikai Landry, 2019. "La maturité des Banques Centrales influence-t- elle la croissance économique ?," Erudite Working Paper 2019-08, Erudite.
    12. Flores Zendejas, Juan & Gaillard, Norbert, 2021. "The International Lender of Last Resort Between Scylla and Charybdis," Working Papers unige:152743, University of Geneva, Paul Bairoch Institute of Economic History.

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