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Agglomeration economies in Italy: impact on heterogeneous firms’ exit in a multilevel framework

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  • Anna Ferragina
  • Fernanda Mazzotta
Abstract
The purpose of this contribution is to shed light on the role of agglomeration economies as drivers of firm exit in Italy over the period 2002–2010. The analysis is based on a firm level dataset that merges firm characteristics with administrative data, allowing us to consider variables related to the geographical context at the province level. We attempt to address a missing link in agglomeration studies: the analysis of the relationship between agglomeration economies and individual firm performance. To take the multidimensional structure of the data into account, in addition to multivariate logit discrete models, we apply a Multilevel Analysis, which allows us to simultaneously model spatial and firm heterogeneity. Our results for the overall sample show that higher specialization (non-linearly) and diversification economies (within industries) play an important role in lowering firm exit risk, while district specialization increases the probability of firm failure. In order to further explore firm heterogeneity, we also compare the exit behaviour of multinational and national firms to check whether they have different agglomeration premia. The multilevel analysis suggests that national firms benefit from specialization and diversification economies but are more at risk of exit in urban areas and industrial districts. By contrast, foreign multinationals have higher agglomeration premia than Italian firms in urban and in district areas but do not benefit from specialization economies. In addition to this, the region and province variance explain only up to 4 % of the total variance in the exit rates, leaving most of the explanatory power to unobserved firm heterogeneity. This confirms the importance of carrying out a firm level analysis of exit performances and geographical factors. Copyright Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Ferragina & Fernanda Mazzotta, 2015. "Agglomeration economies in Italy: impact on heterogeneous firms’ exit in a multilevel framework," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 42(4), pages 395-440, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:epolin:v:42:y:2015:i:4:p:395-440
    DOI: 10.1007/s40812-015-0016-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Anna M. Ferragina & Giulia Nunziante, 2018. "Are Italian firms performances influenced by innovation of domestic and foreign firms nearby in space and sectors?," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 45(3), pages 335-360, September.
    2. Guimarães Barbosa, Evaldo, 2017. "Determinants of small business survival: The impacts of capital intensity and the collateral value of fixed assets," MPRA Paper 76434, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Arnab Bhattacharjee & Ornella Maietta & Fernanda Mazzotta, 2023. "Spatial agglomeration, innovation and firm survival for Italian manufacturing firms," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 318-345, July.
    4. Bernadette Power & Justin Doran & Geraldine Ryan, 2019. "The effect of agglomeration economies on firm deaths: A comparison of firm and regional based approaches," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(16), pages 3358-3374, December.
    5. Sforzi, Fabio, 2015. "Rethinking the industrial district: 35 years later," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 32, pages 11-29.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Exit; Multinationals; Spatial distributions of economic activity; Agglomeration economies; Variety; Spillovers; Multilevel model; C41; F23; L11; R12; R32; L25;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C41 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)
    • R32 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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