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Efekty zewnętrzne bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych z perspektywy kraju goszczącego

Author

Listed:
  • Czesława Pilarska
Abstract
W artykule poruszono zagadnienia związane z efektami zewnętrznymi, wynikającymi z obecności korporacji transnarodowych (KTN) w kraju goszczącym i podejmowanych przez nie bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ). Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwszą z nich poświęcono kwestiom definicyjnym. Wyjaśniono w niej m.in. pojęcie efektów zewnętrznych i ich formę w postaci efektów spillover towarzyszących BIZ, przedstawiono także różnice, jakie pomiędzy tymi pojęciami występują. Ponadto zwrócono uwagę, że kraj goszczący nie osiąga korzyści z podejmowanych na jego obszarze bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w sposób automatyczny, że jest to związane z podjęciem wielu działań zarówno ze strony rodzimych przedsiębiorstw, jak i polityków gospodarczych, mających na celu stworzenie odpowiednich warunków umożliwiających m.in. absorpcję nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych. W części drugiej ukazano z kolei teoretyczne podstawy efektów spillover . Natomiast zamierzeniem zrealizowanym w części trzeciej było przedstawienie zagadnień związanych z pieniężnymi i technologicznymi efektami zewnętrznymi. W przypadku efektów pieniężnych poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób KTN generują tego rodzaju efekty, oraz jaki jest mechanizm ich powstawania. Scharakteryzowano także dwa podstawowe kanały, za pomocą których efekty te są przenoszone, tj. wertykalne powiązania popytowe i wertykalne powiązania podażowe oraz dokonano przeglądu wyników badań empirycznych w tym zakresie, po to, aby można było zdecydować, który z rodzajów powiązań występujących pomiędzy KTN i przedsiębiorstwami krajowymi jest bardziej prawdopodobnym źródłem tworzenia spillovers i przynosi pozytywne rezultaty. Analizując zaś efekty technologiczne skoncentrowano się przede wszystkim na trzech głównych kanałach ich transmisji, a mianowicie: efektach demonstracji, przepływie pracowników i efektach konkurencji. Przeprowadzoną w pracy analizę zakończono podsumowaniem, w którym zamieszczono rekomendacje dla polityki gospodarczej w zakresie stymulowania i wzmacniania efektów spillover na obszarze kraju goszczącego.

Suggested Citation

  • Czesława Pilarska, 2018. "Efekty zewnętrzne bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych z perspektywy kraju goszczącego," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 4, pages 93-124.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2018:i:4:p:93-124
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    efekty zewnętrzne; pieniężne spillovers; technologiczne spillovers; bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne (BIZ); przedsiębiorstwa z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D62 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Externalities
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business

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