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The Impact of Pension Benefits on the Distribution of Earned Income

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  • Mary Ellen Benedict
  • Kathryn Shaw
Abstract
Using standard measures of income inequality and detailed pension benefit information on participants in the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), the authors investigate how pension benefits affected the distribution of earned income. The results suggest that private pensions increased annual income inequality (relative to inequality observed in the distribution of wage income) by only about 2% among all employed individuals, but by 21% among unionized workers. Further analysis indicates that private pensions raised annual income inequality primarily by increasing the rate of return to tenure, possibly through pension “backloading†(setting accruals to grow when earnings rise near retirement) and the increasing incidence of pensions with age. Private pensions had little effect on estimates of the distribution of expected lifetime income, but the addition to the analysis of social security benefits (public pensions) strongly reduced inequality in that distribution.

Suggested Citation

  • Mary Ellen Benedict & Kathryn Shaw, 1995. "The Impact of Pension Benefits on the Distribution of Earned Income," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 48(4), pages 740-757, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:ilrrev:v:48:y:1995:i:4:p:740-757
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    Cited by:

    1. Corsini, Lorenzo & Spataro, Luca, 2011. "Optimal decisions on pension plans in the presence of financial literacy costs and income inequalities," MPRA Paper 30946, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Ive Marx & Brian Nolan & Javier Olivera, 2014. "The Welfare State and Anti-Poverty Policy in Rich Countries," Working Papers 1403, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    3. Robert A. Margo & T. Aldrich Finegan, 1995. "Changes in the Distribution of Wages, 1940-1950: The Public vs. the Private Sector," NBER Working Papers 5389, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Can Verberi & Muhittin Kaplan, 2024. "An Evaluation of the Impact of the Pension System on Income Inequality: USA, UK, Netherlands, Italy and Türkiye," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 174(3), pages 905-931, September.

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