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Long-run and Global R&D Funding Trajectories: The U.S. Farm Bill in a Changing Context

Author

Listed:
  • Philip G. Pardey
  • Connie Chan-Kang
  • Jason M. Beddow
  • Steven P. Dehmer
Abstract
Domestically funded (and performed) research and development (R&D) has historically been a major source of productivity gains in U.S. agriculture, and a principal source of R&D spillovers to the rest of the world. In the waning decades of the 20th century, U.S. policymakers opted to ratchet down the rate of growth in public support for food and agricultural R&D. As the 21st century unfolds, slowing growth has given way to real cutbacks, reversing the accumulation of U.S.-sourced public R&D capital over most of the previous century and more. The 2014 Farm Bill did little to reverse these long-run research funding trajectories—politicians failed to heed the economic evidence about the still substantial social payoffs of that research and the consequent slowdown in U.S. agricultural productivity growth associated with the spending slowdown. Meanwhile, R&D spending by other countries has been moving in different directions. We present new evidence that today's middle-income countries—notably China, Brazil, and India— are not only growing in relative importance as producers of agricultural innovations through investments in public R&D, they are also gaining considerable ground in terms of their share of privately performed research of relevance for agriculture. The already substantive changes in global public and private R&D investment trajectories are accelerating. If history is any guide to the future, these changing R&D trajectories could have profound consequences for the competitiveness of U.S. agriculture in the decades ahead.

Suggested Citation

  • Philip G. Pardey & Connie Chan-Kang & Jason M. Beddow & Steven P. Dehmer, 2015. "Long-run and Global R&D Funding Trajectories: The U.S. Farm Bill in a Changing Context," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 97(5), pages 1312-1323.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:97:y:2015:i:5:p:1312-1323.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fan, Shenggen & Pardey, Philip G., 1992. "Agricultural Research in China: Its Institutional Development and Impact," ISNAR Archive 310666, CGIAR > International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. Bonwoo Koo & Philip G. Pardey & Keming Qian & Yi Zhang, 2006. "An option perspective on generating and maintaining plant variety rights in China," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 35(1), pages 35-48, July.
    3. Pardey, Philip G. & Beddow, Jason M. & Buccola, Steven T., 2014. "Losing the Plot? Agricultural Research Policy and the 2014 Farm Bill," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 29(3), pages 1-5, September.
    4. Keith O. Fuglie & Andrew A. Toole, 2014. "The Evolving Institutional Structure of Public and Private Agricultural Research," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 96(3), pages 862-883.
    5. Terrance M. Hurley & Xudong Rao & Philip G. Pardey, 2014. "Re-examining the Reported Rates of Return to Food and Agricultural Research and Development," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 96(5), pages 1492-1504.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kym Anderson, 2023. "Agriculture's globalization: Endowments, technologies, tastes and policies," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(4), pages 1314-1352, September.
    2. Chai, Yuan & Pardey, Philip G. & Chan-Kang, Connie & Huang, Jikun & Lee, Kyuseon & Dong, Wanlu, 2019. "Passing the food and agricultural R&D buck? The United States and China," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1-1.
    3. repec:ags:cfcp15:245058 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Anderson, Kym, 2022. "Trade-related food policies in a more volatile climate and trade environment," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    5. Yanghao Wang & Metin Çakır, 2020. "Welfare impacts of new demand‐enhancing agricultural products: The case of Honeycrisp apples," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 51(3), pages 445-457, May.
    6. Kym Anderson, 2021. "Food policy in a more volatile climate and trade environment," Departmental Working Papers 2021-25, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    7. Sansi Yang & C. Richard Shumway, 2020. "Knowledge accumulation in US agriculture: research and learning by doing," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 87-105, December.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • Q1 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture

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