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Urban Bias, Economic Resource Allocation and National Development Planning in Botswana

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  • Latang Sechele
Abstract
Michael Lipton formulated a theory of urban bias to account for the poverty and inequalities that rack many developing countries today. The theory proposes that development planning in less developed countries is biased against rural areas in that most of the economic resources are allocated to the urban areas than the rural ones making the poor to get poorer. This article seeks to apply the theory to Botswana’s development planning process. Data was obtained from the analysis of the first nine out of the ten national development plans published since independence which clearly show a distinction in economic resource allocations between rural and urban areas. The findings support the urban bias thesis and suggest its retention in studies of economic development with modifications to incorporate elite bias to account for intra-rural and intra-urban social inequalities. It also proposes diversification into non-agricultural activities as a strategy for rural development in drought prone contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Latang Sechele, 2016. "Urban Bias, Economic Resource Allocation and National Development Planning in Botswana," International Journal of Social Science Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 4(1), pages 44-60, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:mth:ijssr8:v:4:y:2016:i:1:p:44-60
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    File URL: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijssr/article/view/8536
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Griffin, Keith & Khan, Azizur Rahman, 1978. "Poverty in the third world: Ugly facts and fancy models," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 295-304, March.
    2. Paine, Suzanne, 1978. "Some reflections on the presence of `rural' or of `urban bias' in China's development policies 1949-1976," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 6(5), pages 693-707, May.
    3. Jacqueline S. Solway, 1994. "Drought as a Revelatory Crisis: An Exploration of Shifting Entitlements and Hierarchies in the Kalahari, Botswana," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 25(3), pages 471-495, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joseph Holler & Quinn Bernier & J. Timmons Roberts & Stacy-ann Robinson, 2020. "Transformational Adaptation in Least Developed Countries: Does Expanded Stakeholder Participation Make a Difference?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-26, February.

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