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Who teaches and who learns? Policy learning through the C40 cities climate network

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  • Taedong Lee
  • Susan Meene
Abstract
This study examines the network structure of policy learning in the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, which is a network of the world’s largest cities committed to tackling climate change issues. Among forty members and nineteen affiliate members, we ask the question with whom do cities learn and why? How are policy-learning relationships associated with cities’ multi-stakeholder governing body, policy performance, and cultural similarities? While studies on learning have analyzed conditions facilitating learning, quantitative studies of local government learning in global networks are rare. To facilitate the investigation into learning, we conceptualize learning as a process comprising information seeking, adoption and policy change, and focus on information seeking as the foundation step in the learning process. This social network analysis using the exponential random graph model reveals the cities that seek information and those that are information sources are different subgroups. Furthermore, analysis of nodal attributes suggests that transmunicipal learning in the C40 network is facilitated by the presence of a multi-stakeholder governing body; homophily of culture (language and regional proximity); and higher level of climate change policy performance. Creating a multi-stakeholder governing body could ensure participatory representativeness from citizens and relevant stakeholders to enhance climate change policy engagement and decision making as well as policy learning. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2012

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  • Taedong Lee & Susan Meene, 2012. "Who teaches and who learns? Policy learning through the C40 cities climate network," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 45(3), pages 199-220, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:policy:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:199-220
    DOI: 10.1007/s11077-012-9159-5
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    7. Tiffany H. Morrison & W. Neil Adger & Katrina Brown & Maria Carmen Lemos & Dave Huitema & Terry P. Hughes, 2017. "Mitigation and adaptation in polycentric systems: sources of power in the pursuit of collective goals," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(5), September.
    8. Jennifer S. Bansard & Philipp H. Pattberg & Oscar Widerberg, 2017. "Cities to the rescue? Assessing the performance of transnational municipal networks in global climate governance," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 229-246, April.
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    11. Taedong Lee & Chris Koski, 2015. "Multilevel governance and urban climate change mitigation," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 33(6), pages 1501-1517, December.
    12. Michele Acuto & Benjamin Leffel, 2021. "Understanding the global ecosystem of city networks," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(9), pages 1758-1774, July.
    13. Robert P. Stoker & Michael J. Rich, 2021. "Fertile Ground: Implementing the 2030 Agenda in U.S. Cities," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-26, October.
    14. Jorn Koelemaij & Sam Taveirne & Ben Derudder, 2023. "An economic geography perspective on city diplomacy," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(6), pages 995-1012, May.
    15. Marcin DÄ…browski, 2018. "Boundary spanning for governance of climate change adaptation in cities: Insights from a Dutch urban region," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 36(5), pages 837-855, August.
    16. Christopher Walker & Alex Moulis, 2022. "Understanding policy transfer through social network analysis: expanding methodologies with an intensive case study approach," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 55(4), pages 693-713, December.
    17. Ba, Zhichao & Ma, Yaxue & Cai, Jinyao & Li, Gang, 2023. "A citation-based research framework for exploring policy diffusion: Evidence from China's new energy policies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    18. Anders Blok & Robin Tschötschel, 2016. "World port cities as cosmopolitan risk community: Mapping urban climate policy experiments in Europe and East Asia," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 34(4), pages 717-736, June.
    19. Tianyang Liu & Yao Song, 2020. "Chinese Paradiplomacy: A Theoretical Review," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(1), pages 21582440198, January.
    20. Gallemore, Caleb & Di Gregorio, Monica & Moeliono, Moira & Brockhaus, Maria & Prasti H., Rut Dini, 2015. "Transaction costs, power, and multi-level forest governance in Indonesia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 168-179.
    21. Fujii, Hidemichi & Iwata, Kazuyuki & Chapman, Andrew & Kagawa, Shigemi & Managi, Shunsuke, 2018. "An analysis of urban environmental Kuznets curve of CO2 emissions: Empirical analysis of 276 global metropolitan areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1561-1568.
    22. Massimiliano Rizzati, 2020. "City Networks for Sustainability: Goals Achieved and Future Developments," Briefs, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, November.
    23. Adams, Ian T. & McCrain, Joshua & Schiff, Daniel S. & Schiff, Kaylyn Jackson & Mourtgos, Scott M., 2022. "Public Pressure or Peer Influence: What Shapes Police Executives' Views on Civilian Oversight?," SocArXiv mdu96, Center for Open Science.
    24. Inhwan Ko & Aseem Prakash, 2022. "Signaling climate resilience to municipal bond markets: does membership in adaptation-focused voluntary clubs affect bond rating?," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 171(1), pages 1-19, March.
    25. Lee, Taehwa & Lee, Taedong & Lee, Yujin, 2014. "An experiment for urban energy autonomy in Seoul: The One ‘Less’ Nuclear Power Plant policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 311-318.

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