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Retailer-Direct Financing Contracts Under Consignment

Author

Listed:
  • Diwakar Gupta

    (McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712)

  • Yibin Chen

    (Huawei Device (Dongguan) Co. Ltd., Longgang District, Shenzhen, China)

Abstract
Problem definition : Many small businesses (suppliers) use web platforms (retailers) to sell their products on a consignment basis. Suppliers are often financially constrained, which affects their profits. Academic/practical relevance : We derive the equilibrium terms of the loan that a retailer will offer to a supplier in a consignment selling environment and their implications for supply chain efficiency. Our model is inspired by the lending program initiated by a major web platform owner. Methodology : We formulate and solve a Stackelberg game. The retailer sets loan terms that may include a debt seniority requirement. The supplier may either accept the retailer’s offer or borrow only from the bank or rely solely on its own capital. A competitively priced bank loan is the supplier’s default option. Results : There exist parameter values for which the on-equilibrium loan terms include retailer debt seniority as well as parameter values that do not. In the latter case, the supplier makes the bank the senior lender. The retailer’s debt seniority choice depends on the supplier’s working capital. When the retailer chooses to be the senior lender, its loan terms may induce the supplier to produce more than the first-best quantity. Managerial implications : Direct financing under equilibrium loan terms weakly improves the expected profits of both the retailer and the supplier. However, it may induce the supplier to produce less than or equal to or greater than the first-best production quantity. Loan limits serve to reduce overproduction.

Suggested Citation

  • Diwakar Gupta & Yibin Chen, 2020. "Retailer-Direct Financing Contracts Under Consignment," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 528-544, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormsom:v:22:y:2020:i:3:p:528-544
    DOI: 10.1287/msom.2018.0754
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Ma, Cheng & Dai, Yuankang & Li, Zhongfei, 2022. "Financing format selection for electronic business platforms with a capital-constrained e-tailer," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    4. Xiao Huang, 2022. "Financing Disruptive Suppliers: Payment Advance, Timeline, and Discount Rate," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(3), pages 1115-1134, March.
    5. Avinadav, Tal & Levy, Priel, 2023. "The effect of an uncertain commission rate on the decisions of a capital-constrained developer," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 11(C).
    6. Yan, Nina & Xu, Xun & Huang, Wenyi, 2021. "Supplier's capacity investment strategy with factoring finance," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    7. Lin, Qiang & Shan, Zhenjie & Fu, Wenhui & Lin, Xiaogang, 2024. "Interplay between the agriculture firm’s guarantee strategy and the e-commerce platform’s loan strategy with risk averse farmers," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    8. Jiang, Wen-Hui & Xu, Ling & Chen, Zhen-Song & Govindan, Kannan & Chin, Kwai-Sang, 2022. "Financing equilibrium in a capital constrained supply Chain: The impact of credit rating," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    9. Yanyan Zheng & Jin Zhang & Mengyuan Wang & Peng Liu & Tong Shu, 2023. "Low-Carbon Manufacturing or Not? Equilibrium Decisions for Capital-Constrained News Vendors with Subsidy and Carbon Tax," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, July.
    10. Rath, Sambit Brata & Basu, Preetam & Govindan, Kannan & Mandal, Prasenjit, 2024. "Platform vs. 3PL financing: Strategic choice of lending model for an e-tailer under operational risk," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    11. Gu, Chaocheng & Wei, Juan & Wei, Ying, 2021. "Sourcing under competition: The implications of supplier capital constraint and supply chain co-opetition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    12. Rath, Sambit Brata & Basu, Preetam & Mandal, Prasenjit & Paul, Samit, 2021. "Financing models for an online seller with performance risk in an E-commerce marketplace," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    13. Avinadav, Tal & Levy, Priel, 2024. "Improving efficiency in supply chains with a capital-constrained app developer under the agency contract," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(3), pages 991-1005.
    14. Zhang, Ting & Su, Yina & Wang, Ningning, 2023. "Product quality improvement under retailer-direct financing: Effects of attitudes toward extreme weather," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    15. Mandal, Prasenjit & Basu, Preetam & Choi, Tsan-Ming & Rath, Sambit Brata, 2024. "Platform financing vs. bank financing: Strategic choice of financing mode under seller competition," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(1), pages 130-146.
    16. Fu, Hong & Ke, Ginger Y. & Lian, Zhaotong & Zhang, Lianmin, 2021. "3PL firm’s equity financing for technology innovation in a platform supply chain," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    17. Bo Li & Zijia Du & Minxue Wang, 2022. "Financing preference and the role of credit insurance in a green supply chain," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(8), pages 3882-3897, December.
    18. Priya, Bhawna & Biswas, Indranil & Thürer, Matthias & Avittathur, Balram, 2023. "How to finance the supply chain when you are small? Clearance sale and loan payment timing in financially constrained supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).

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