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Performance of Push–Pull Technology in Low-Fertility Soils under Conventional and Conservation Agriculture Farming Systems in Malawi

Author

Listed:
  • Saliou Niassy

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

  • Mawufe Komi Agbodzavu

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
    International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Haut-Congo, Gombe, Kinshasa 4163, Congo)

  • Bester Tawona Mudereri

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

  • Donwell Kamalongo

    (Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Lilongwe P.O. Box 30779, Malawi)

  • Ivy Ligowe

    (Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Lilongwe P.O. Box 30779, Malawi)

  • Girma Hailu

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

  • Emily Kimathi

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

  • Zwide Jere

    (Total Land Care Malawi, Area 12, Plot 520, Lilongwe P.O. Box 2440, Malawi)

  • Nathan Ochatum

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

  • Jimmy Pittchar

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

  • Menale Kassie

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

  • Zeyaur Khan

    (International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya)

Abstract
Push–pull technology (PPT) is one of the most viable low-cost agroecological practices that reduces the effects of insect pest infestations (e.g., stemborer) and parasitic weeds (e.g., Striga ) in croplands. PPT was evaluated in low-fertility soils and two farming practices, minimum-tilled conservation agriculture practice (CA), and conventionally tilled practice (CP), in contrasting agroecological zones at the Chitedze, Mbawa, and Chitala stations in Malawi. Stemborer and Striga infestations were also investigated and the suitability levels of two Desmodium species. Farmers’ perceptions of PPT were gathered through a focus group discussion. The performance of PPT varied significantly between treatments, sites, and years on grain yields and the number of cobs that could be assigned to soil attributes. Significant variations were found in the number of exit holes, stemborer damage severity, and the number of Striga -affected plants with severe infestation. In Chitedze, CP recorded significantly shorter maize plants by 14.1, 11.6, and 5.8 cm than CP–PP, CA, and CA–PP, respectively, in 2016–2017. There were no significant differences in plant height between CP–PP, CA, and CA–PP. Similar results were also found in 2017–2018. Focus group discussions among farmers attested to up to 70% reductions in Striga weed and stemborer pests under PPT over the two seasons. Farmers who used push–pull technology reported a 45–50% yield increase. Push–pull was also perceived as a technology that improves soil fertility and controls soil erosion. The study presented the importance of soil physicochemical properties in the performance of the technology, as supported by the high occurrence of Striga asiatica in the country and the low suitability of Greenleaf Desmodium . Results reaffirmed the technology’s agronomic benefits in productivity, pest management, plant vigour, and Striga control. The cost of labour was described as a challenge, and research to identify more suitable Desmodium species is needed. The current study suggests the release of the technology in Malawi, emphasizing the inclusion of Desmodium and Brachiaria as animal fodder for the adoption of the technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Saliou Niassy & Mawufe Komi Agbodzavu & Bester Tawona Mudereri & Donwell Kamalongo & Ivy Ligowe & Girma Hailu & Emily Kimathi & Zwide Jere & Nathan Ochatum & Jimmy Pittchar & Menale Kassie & Zeyaur Kh, 2022. "Performance of Push–Pull Technology in Low-Fertility Soils under Conventional and Conservation Agriculture Farming Systems in Malawi," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2162-:d:749199
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nyagumbo, Isaiah & Mkuhlani, Siyabusa & Mupangwa, Walter & Rodriguez, Daniel, 2017. "Planting date and yield benefits from conservation agriculture practices across Southern Africa," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 21-33.
    2. Beatrice W. Muriithi & Kassie Menale & Gracious Diiro & Geoffrey Muricho, 2018. "Does gender matter in the adoption of push-pull pest management and other sustainable agricultural practices? Evidence from Western Kenya," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(2), pages 253-272, April.
    3. Atera, Evans Atuti & Ishii, Takashige & Onyango, John C. & Itoh, Kazuyuki & Azuma, Tetsushi, 2013. "Striga Infestation in Kenya: Status, Distribution and Management Options," Sustainable Agriculture Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 2(2).
    4. Kassie, Menale & Stage, Jesper & Diiro, Gracious & Muriithi, Beatrice & Muricho, Geoffrey & Ledermann, Samuel T. & Pittchar, Jimmy & Midega, Charles & Khan, Zeyaur, 2018. "Push–pull farming system in Kenya: Implications for economic and social welfare," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 186-198.
    5. World Bank, 2019. "Malawi Economic Monitor, June 2019," World Bank Publications - Reports 31929, The World Bank Group.
    6. World Bank, 2019. "Malawi Economic Monitor, December 2019," World Bank Publications - Reports 32890, The World Bank Group.
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