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Developing Sustainable City Indicators for Cambodia through Delphi Processes of Panel Surveys

Author

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  • Puthearath Chan

    (Office of Sustainable Lifestyle, Ministry of Environment, 503 Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh 12301, Cambodia
    Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea)

  • Myeong-Hun Lee

    (Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea)

Abstract
Currently, Cambodia does not have sustainable city indicators, and green and clean city indicators are also limited compared to UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) indicators. Therefore, this research aims to develop sustainable city indicators for Cambodia and to address the questions “Are the green and clean city indicators limited in terms of sustainability?” and “Are the UN SDG 11 indicators suitable for Cambodia?” Delphi processes of panel surveys were conducted to develop the indicators in Round 1, pre-validate the indicators in Round 2, and validate the indicators in Round 3. The results showed that 69 initial indicators were obtained from Round 1; 41 pre-validated indicators were obtained from Round 2; and finally, 32 validated indicators were obtained from Round 3. All of the 32 indicators reached consensus. Based on the consensus indicators, the green and clean city indicators were found to be limited in terms of sustainability, and the UN SDG 11 has nine indicators suitable for Cambodia. These findings could be useful for applying the UN SDG 11 indicators to Cambodia and transforming the green and clean city indicators to sustainable city indicators. The 32 consensus indicators could be used as alternative sustainable city indicators for Cambodia.

Suggested Citation

  • Puthearath Chan & Myeong-Hun Lee, 2019. "Developing Sustainable City Indicators for Cambodia through Delphi Processes of Panel Surveys," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-32, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:11:p:3166-:d:237436
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Puthearath Chan, 2022. "An Empirical Study on Data Validation Methods of Delphi and General Consensus," Data, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Sara Mehrab Daniali & Sergey Evgenievich Barykin & Mostafa Ghanbari Ghalerodkhani & Andrey Viktorovich Kharlamov & Tatiana Lvovna Kharlamova & Oksana Vladimirovna Savvina & Diana Igorevna Stepanova, 2021. "Evaluation of Strategies to Improve the Corporate Social Responsibility Performance in Food and Pharmaceutical Industries: Empirical Evidence from Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-15, November.
    3. Heinrich Jacques Geldenhuys & Alan Colin Brent & Imke Hanlu De Kock, 2023. "SSUIT Smart Sustainable Urban Infrastructure Transitioning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-25, September.
    4. Snežana Tadić & Mladen Krstić & Violeta Roso & Nikolina Brnjac, 2020. "Dry Port Terminal Location Selection by Applying the Hybrid Grey MCDM Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-22, August.
    5. Samir Mili & Maria Bouhaddane, 2021. "Forecasting Global Developments and Challenges in Olive Oil Supply and Demand: A Delphi Survey from Spain," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-25, February.
    6. Jung-Jung Chang & Chia-Li Lin, 2022. "Establishing Urban Revitalization and Regional Development Strategies with Consideration of Urban Stakeholders Based on the ISA-NRM Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-28, June.
    7. Say-Wah Lee & Chuen-Wah Seow & Ke Xue, 2021. "Residents’ Sustainable City Evaluation, Satisfaction and Loyalty: Integrating Importance-Performance Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, June.
    8. Réka Szpotowicz (née Nádasi) & Csaba Tóth, 2020. "Revision of Sustainable Road Rating Systems: Selection of the Best Suited System for Hungarian Road Construction Using TOPSIS Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-28, October.
    9. Puthearath Chan & Kulakhmetova Gulbaram & Thorsten Schuetze, 2023. "Assessing Urban Sustainability and the Potential to Improve the Quality of Education and Gender Equality in Phnom Penh, Cambodia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-30, May.
    10. Puthearath Chan, 2020. "Assessing Sustainability of the Capital and Emerging Secondary Cities of Cambodia Based on the 2018 Commune Database," Data, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-36, September.
    11. Tayefi Nasrabadi, Mahla & Hataminejad, Hossein, 2021. "Towards residential buildings sustainability in a religious-tourism metropolis," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    12. Puthearath Chan, 2021. "Child-Friendly Urban Development: Smile Village Community Development Initiative in Phnom Penh," World, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-16, November.

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