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Impacts of Financial Inclusion on Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Banks: Evidence from China

Author

Listed:
  • Feng-Wen Chen

    (School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China)

  • Yuan Feng

    (School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China)

  • Wei Wang

    (School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

Abstract
Non-performing loans of commercial banks have long hampered the development of the banking sector, and directly reflect the credit risk and asset quality. With the continuous development of the financial industry, the introduction of financial inclusion has greatly eased the shortage of funds, and narrowed the gap between poor and rich. However, whether the promotion of financial inclusion in the financial industry could affect the non-performing loans of commercial banks has not been verified. Therefore, this paper discusses the possible associations between financial inclusion and non-performing loans of commercial banks on the regional level, constructs a panel data model by selecting the data of 31 provinces (including 4 municipalities) in China from 2005 to 2016, and uses the fixed effect model for empirical test. The empirical results (from an overall national sample) reveal a negative impact of the financial inclusion on non-performing loans. Moreover, the development of the banking sector and the regional consumption could enhance the impact of financial inclusion, while government intervention and unemployment could reduce the impact of financial inclusion. From the analysis of the regional sample, when the development of financial inclusion reaches a high level, the lagged financial inclusion promote the non-performing loans of commercial banks; however, when the financial inclusion is underdeveloped, the development of commercial banks act as a disincentive to non-performing loans. Therefore, the local governments should pay more attention to the influences of financial inclusion on the financial industry, in order to maintain the stability of banking asset quality. In addition, the negative impact of financial inclusion on non-performing loans of commercial banks is significant in China central region, while its impacts in China eastern and western regions are not significant. This indicates that the development of the financial industry and economy can hamper the effects of financial inclusion. It is necessary to adjust the financial resource allocation according to the characteristics of different regions in China, so that the financial inclusion can effectively promote the regional financial industry upgrade, improve regional capital flow efficiency, and fundamentally reduce the non-performing loans of commercial banks. According to the sample analysis by time, there is a significant negative impact relationship between inclusive finance and commercial banks’ non-performing loans after the financial crisis, while the impacts before and during the financial crisis are not significant. This demonstrates that the impact of the global financial crisis on China’s regional economy has further enhanced the inefficiency of the inclusive financial system on credit risk, which in turn, helps commercial banks better maintain asset quality stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng-Wen Chen & Yuan Feng & Wei Wang, 2018. "Impacts of Financial Inclusion on Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Banks: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-28, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:9:p:3084-:d:166573
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Guo‐Hua Cao & Jing Zhang, 2022. "The entrepreneurial ecosystem of inclusive finance and entrepreneurship: A theoretical and empirical test in China," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 1547-1568, January.
    4. Weidong Chen & Xiaohui Yuan, 2021. "Financial inclusion in China: an overview," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, December.
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    6. Wang, Xiong & Yang, Wanping & Ren, Xiaohang & Lu, Zudi, 2023. "Can financial inclusion affect energy poverty in China? Evidence from a spatial econometric analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 255-269.
    7. Azadeh Zohrehvand & Saifuzzaman Ibrahim & Muzafar Shah Habibullah & Zulkornain Yusop & Nik Ahmad Sufian Burhan, 2020. "Influence of Governance on the Relationship Between Foreign Banks’ Penetration and Banking Stability," Asian Journal of Empirical Research, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 10(11), pages 231-238, November.
    8. Dong, Kangyin & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Zhao, Jun, 2022. "How inclusive financial development eradicates energy poverty in China? The role of technological innovation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    9. Dong, Jiajia & Dou, Yue & Jiang, Qingzhe & Zhao, Jun, 2022. "Can financial inclusion facilitate carbon neutrality in China? The role of energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    10. Hu, Yue & Liu, Chang & Peng, Jiangang, 2021. "Financial inclusion and agricultural total factor productivity growth in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 68-82.
    11. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu & Adamu, Ahmed, 2021. "Does financial inclusion reduce non-performing loans and loan loss provisions?," MPRA Paper 109321, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Saleh F. A. Khatib & Ernie Hendrawaty & Ayman Hassan Bazhair & Ibraheem A. Abu Rahma & Hamzeh Al Amosh, 2022. "Financial Inclusion and the Performance of Banking Sector in Palestine," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
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    14. Deng, Yuanyue & Li, Sijing, 2024. "Do global and local economic policy uncertainties matter for systemic risk in the international banking system," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    15. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of financial inclusion on financial stability: evidence from ssa countries," MPRA Paper 120238, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Kumar, Vijay & Thrikawala, Sujani & Acharya, Sanjeev, 2022. "Financial inclusion and bank profitability: Evidence from a developed market," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).

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